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作者：Bhattacharya, Sourav; Kundu, Tapas
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso
摘要：Poor communities sometimes resist private investment and destroy economic surplus even if the government has the willingness and ability to redistribute. We interpret such acts of resistance as demands for redistribution: Destruction contains credible information about how the affected group values surplus, and such information is used by the government in implementing the optimal redistribution policy. The extent of destruction is increasing in the extent of political marginalization of the a...
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作者：Fenske, James
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：Tree crops have changed land tenure in Africa. Farmers have acquired permanent, alienable rights, but have also faced disputes with competing claimants and the state. Para rubber had many similar effects in the Benin region of colonial Nigeria. Farmers initially obtained land by traditional methods. Mature farms could be sold, let out, and used to raise credit. Disputes over rubber involved smallholders, communities of rival users, and migrants. The impact of tree crop commercialization in Ben...
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作者：Ghatak, Maitreesh; Mookherjee, Dilip
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Boston University
摘要：This paper addresses the question of how farmers displaced by acquisition of agricultural land for the purpose of industrialization ought to be compensated. Prior to acquisition, the farmers are leasing in land from a private owner or local government with a legally mandated sharecropping contract. Compensation rules affect the decision of the landlord to sell the land ex post to an industrial developer, and ex ante incentives of tenants and landlord to make specific investments in agricultura...
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作者：Fredriksson, Anders
作者单位：University of Namur; Universidade de Sao Paulo; Stockholm University
摘要：Intermediaries that assist individuals and firms with the government bureaucracy are common in developing countries. Although such bureaucracy intermediaries are, anecdotally, linked with corruption and welfare losses, few formal analyses exist. We introduce a model in which a government license can benefit individuals. We study the net license gain when individuals get the license through the regular licensing procedure, through bribing or through intermediaries. For a given procedure, indivi...
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作者：Wang, Shing-Yi
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：This paper examines whether an individual-level transfer of property rights increases the individual's bargaining power within the household. The question is analyzed in the context of a housing reform that occurred in China that gave existing tenants the opportunity to purchase the homes that they had been renting from their state employers. The rights to each housing unit were granted to a particular employee, so property rights were defined at the individual level rather than the household ...
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作者：Kazianga, Harounan; de Walque, Damien; Alderman, Harold
作者单位：Oklahoma State University System; Oklahoma State University - Stillwater; The World Bank; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
摘要：We evaluate the impact of two school feeding schemes on health outcomes of pre-school age children in Burkina Faso: school meals which provide students with lunch each school day, and take home rations which provide girls with 10 kg of cereal flour each month, conditional on 90% attendance rate. We investigated the pass through to younger siblings of the beneficiaries and found that take home rations have increased weight-for-age of boys and girls under age 5 by 0.4 standard deviations compare...
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作者：Edmonds, Eric V.; Shrestha, Maheshwor
作者单位：Dartmouth College; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Can schooling promotion deter child participation in hazardous forms of child labor? We examine two interventions intended to promote schooling and deter child labor for children associated with carpet factories in Kathmandu. The first intervention provides scholarships for school-related expenses. The second provides the scholarship and an in-kind stipend conditional on school attendance. Paying for schooling expenses promotes schooling but only at the beginning of the school year when most s...
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作者：Pavcnik, Nina; Wei, Shang-Jin
作者单位：Dartmouth College; Columbia University
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作者：Keefer, Philip; Khemani, Stuti
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Prior research on mass media and government accountability has not examined the effects of citizen media access on broad public services, such as education. At the same time, research has abstracted from the potentially influential role of mass media on parental investments in children's education. We address both issues using a natural experiment in radio access in Benin and find that school children's literacy rates are higher in villages exposed to a larger number of community radio station...
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作者：Jayachandran, Seema
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：Schools in developing countries frequently offer for-profit tutoring to their own students. This potentially gives teachers a perverse incentive to teach less during school to increase demand for their tutoring. Through this mechanism, the market for tutoring can adversely affect student learning, especially for students who do not participate in tutoring. I model and present empirical evidence on these effects, using survey and test score data from Nepal. The evidence suggests that when schoo...
