Men, women, and machines: How trade impacts gender inequality

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Juhn, Chinhui; Ujhelyi, Gergely; Villegas-Sanchez, Carolina
• 署名单位: University of Houston System; University of Houston; University of Houston System; University of Houston; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Houston System; University of Houston; Universitat Ramon Llull; Escuela Superior de Administracion y Direccion de Empresas (ESADE)
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0304-3878
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2013.09.009
• 发表日期: 2014
• 页码: 179-193
• 关键词: trade; GENDER; INEQUALITY

摘要

This paper studies the effect of trade liberalization on an under-explored aspect of wage inequality gender inequality. We consider a model where firms differ in their productivity and workers are differentiated by skill as well as gender. A reduction in tariffs induces more productive firms to modernize their technology and enter the export market. New technologies involve computerized production processes and lower the need for physically demanding skills. As a result, the relative wage and employment of women improves in blue-collar tasks, but not in white-collar tasks. We test our model using a panel of establishment level data from Mexico exploiting tariff reductions associated with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Consistent with our theory we find that tariff reductions caused new firms to enter the export market, update their technology and replace male blue-collar workers with female blue-collar workers. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.