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作者：XEPAPADEAS, AP
摘要：In controlling environmental externalities, Pigouvian taxes are an appropriate instrument when individual emissions can be monitored, while ambient taxes are deemed appropriate to control non-point source pollution when the ambient pollution but not individual emissions can be monitored. This paper shows that under uncertainty the efficient regulatory scheme for non-point source pollution is a mix of Pigouvian and ambient taxes. The Pigouvian fees are imposed on emissions revealed by the pollu...
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作者：ESTRIN, S; DEMEZA, D
作者单位：University of Exeter; University of London; London Business School
摘要：This paper investigates the merits of statutory monopoly as a means of preventing wasteful market fragmentation. The key result is that a public firm committed to price at cost may be unable to repel entry even when it is socially desirable that it should do so. Limited entry may be worse than either statutory monopoly or free entry. The robustness of results when competition stimulates a state firm to lower its costs is also examined.
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作者：FRASER, CD
摘要：Bayesian workers produce 'chemicals' hazardously in one sector of a two-sector economy having one safe sector. Adopting an expected ex post welfare perspective, we show workers' misperceptions of hazards entail a classic externality. We characterise chemicals' competitive, monopoly and socially efficient outputs, assuming workers receive identical wage-accident compensation contracts under each, the value of information which induces workers to place greater stress on firms' safety records or ...
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作者：OK, EA
摘要：In an influential article by Young (Journal of Economic Theory, 1988, 44, 321-335), it is shown that the traditional equal sacrifice principles in taxation can be justified from a non-utilitarian perspective by proving that equal sacrifice is, in fact, a consequence of more primitive concepts of distributive justice. This result is obtained in a distribution theoretic setting where total revenue to be raised is fixed. The present paper studies the same question in a setting where the basic pro...
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作者：DASGUPTA, S; SENGUPTA, K
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside
摘要：The paper analyses the optimal regulation of multinational enterprises (MNEs) by a host government interested in maximizing tax revenues, when the MNE has private information about its benefits of controlling the enterprise. It is shown that the optimal mechanism involves restricting the MNE's ownership of the enterprise, and setting a ceiling on the transfer price of an input that the MNE provides that is above the known production cost of the input. For low realizations of the benefits of co...
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作者：BRUECKNER, JK
摘要：This paper provides an analysis of the supply-restriction model of growth controls. Growth controls in such a model harm consumers while enriching landowners, and they will only be adopted if landowners have political power. In the model, this power is manifested in the city government's use of a social welfare that takes both landlord and consumer welfare into account. Since cities cannot be small if the supply restriction inherent in growth controls is to have an impact, strategic interactio...
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作者：BRITO, DL; HAMILTON, JH; SLUTSKY, SM; STIGLITZ, JE
作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Rice University; Stanford University
摘要：The optimal income tax problem is one of many problems in economics for which a randomized allocation may be desirable. For a two-class economy, we characterize optimal random tax schedules and present necessary and sufficient conditions for local randomization either to be Pareto improving or to extend the constrained Pareto frontier. We present another sufficient condition for nonlocal randomization to be Pareto improving, which need not violate ex post or ex ante horizontal equity. Lastly, ...
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作者：MCGUIRE, TG; RIORDAN, MH
摘要：Market structure is endogenized in a normative model of public procurement featuring a social cost of profit, product variety, economies of scale, and incomplete information about cost. Depending on parameters, either sole sourcing or dual sourcing might be optimal. However, if the social cost of profit is positive but not too large, incomplete information biases optimal market structure in favor of sole sourcing. On the other hand, this bias in favor of sole sourcing may be reversed if the so...
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作者：RAJAPOPAL, D; SHAH, A
作者单位：The World Bank; Toronto Metropolitan University
摘要：An intertemporal model of a firm optimizing its expected net present value was used to derive the model's estimating equations, and rental prices of capital services consistent with rational expectations. We analysed the effects of a 10 percent change in two tax incentives. For the chemical and pharmaceutical industries the benefits of the tax credit for physical investment (increased investment) far exceeded its costs (forgone tax revenue). This was also true for the R&D tax allowance for the...
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作者：JOHANNESSON, M
摘要：Broome (Journal of Public Economics, 1993, 50, 149-167) claimed that quality-adjusted life years (Qalys) based on the 'time' method are consistent with individual preferences only if life years are not discounted, and Qalys based on the 'probability' method are consistent with individual preferences only if risk-neutrality over discounted life years holds. This comment shows that the time method is consistent with discounting, if the quality weight is derived in the appropriate way. The time m...
