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作者：ZHANG, J
作者单位：University of Windsor; University of Victoria
摘要：This paper examines the effects of social security on the steady-state growth of per capita income in an endogenous growth model in which agents care about their own consumption, the number of children, and the welfare of each child. It shows that an unfunded program may simulate growth by reducing fertility and increasing the ratio of human capital investment per child to per family income when bequests are positive. Also, it may cause faster growth than funded programs, especially when recei...
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作者：POTERBA, JM; VENTI, SF; WISE, DA
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Dartmouth College; Harvard University
摘要：During the late 1980s, contributions to 401(k) plans eclipsed contributions to Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) as the leading form of tax-deferred individual retirement saving in the United States. In this paper we describe patterns of participation in 401(k) plans, contrast these patterns with IRA participation, and evaluate the net impact of 401(k) contributions on personal saving. We find that 401(k) participation conditional on eligibility exceeds 60% at all income levels. In contras...
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作者：KAHN, CM; MOOKHERJEE, D
作者单位：Indian Statistical Institute; Indian Statistical Institute Delhi
摘要：This paper compares full-information insurance markets (a) with markets where accident-reducing effort levels are unverifiable but trades between every pair of agents are verifiable and (b) with markets where neither effort nor trades are verifiable. Markets are represented by a contracting game, with a solution concept allowing coordination among coalitions through information-constrained contracts. Each informational setting yields a correspondence between market outcomes and the appropriate...
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作者：SPAGAT, M
摘要：Drawbacks of standard iterative planning algorithms include: (i) planner actions are just on-paper calculations, without direct economic consequences, and may converge very slowly; (ii) planners cannot act systematically on hunches and intuitions; and (iii) planners can observe unrealistically detailed information. These problems are addressed through a Bayesian learning model. It is shown, in sharp contrast to the standard literature, that planners will not necessarily settle in the long run ...
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作者：HAYES, KJ; LAMBERT, PJ; SLOTTJE, DJ
作者单位：University of York - UK; Southern Methodist University
摘要：An algorithm to compute effective income tax progression is devised for use when taxes are a function of both money income and other socioeconomic attributes and the data is in grouped (summary) form suppressing non-income information. Effective progression can be evaluated at percentiles in the distribution of either money or equivalent income. The normative significance of the new measures is explained in both cases. The methodology is illustrated by application to U.S. individual income tax...
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作者：CHAMBERS, RG
摘要：A general-equilibrium model is used to analyze agricultural policy incidence in the presence of distortionary income taxation. The incidence of lump-sum transfers to farmers, supply control through input retirement, and production subsidies are considered. Partial equilibrium incidence calculations are shown to systematically overstate the benefits farmers receive from farm programs. Kaldor's compensation test is used to judge the relative efficiency (inefficiency) of alternative farm programs...
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作者：HOLTZEAKIN, D; SELDEN, TM
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine the relationship between economic development and carbon dioxide emissions, a greenhouse gas central to global warming predictions. Estimates derived from global panel data suggest a diminishing marginal propensity to emit (MPE) carbon dioxide as GDP per capita rises. Despite this, global carbon dioxide emissions growth will continue at 1.8 percent per annum for the foreseeable future, a result that is not sensitive to average output growth. Instead, emissions growth continues becau...
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作者：JONES, A; ODONNELL, O
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：The impact of disability on household welfare is estimated by equivalence scales using data from the 1986-87 FES Disability Survey. Three methods of identifying scales from cross-section data are considered; these imply a series of restrictions that are tested on quadratic logarithmic Engel curves. The results indicate that there are substantial consumption costs associated with physical disability.
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作者：DIAMOND, P; SHESHINSKI, E
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：This paper analyzes optimal disability and retirement (or welfare) benefits with imperfect disability evaluation (with some able workers judged disabled and some disabled workers judged able). Thus the levels of both disability and retirement benefits affect labor supply. With anyone not working eligible for retirement benefits, we analyze the optimal structure of benefits for a given disability screening mechanism and briefly consider the problem of optimal evaluations of disability evidence....
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作者：LEVIN, L
摘要：This paper examines whether or not the elderly have precautionary motives for savings against uncertain and potentially large medical costs. I analyze the relationship between purchases of (actuarially unfair) health insurance and the individual's ability to self-insure. In order to create a complete model of this behavior the government programs of Medicare and Medicaid are also incorporated into the analysis. The major results from this paper are that individuals do tend to behave in a manne...
