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作者：Cullis, JG; Jones, PR
作者单位：University of Bath
摘要：If individuals are interested in life per se (or perceive longevity as a goal worth attaining), there is reason to doubt that Brent (Journal of Public Economics, 1991, 22, 165-171) has provided a robust solution to the valuation of life in cost-benefit analysis.
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作者：HoltzEakin, D; Lovely, ME
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Proponents of industrial policy argue that key industries merit subsidies because they generate beneficial externalities. We show that policy must reflect both technological linkages and market power in the target industries, the interaction of which may produce an optimal policy including both subsidies and taxes on target industries. The optimal policy combination may not be politically or administratively feasible. If so, we show that it may not be desirable to subsidize output in the exter...
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作者：Ruhm, CJ
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper investigates the relationship between pension coverage and the retirement behavior of older men. Pensions are associated with higher work involvement for males in their late fifties and early sixties but with lower rates of job holding for those aged 65-69. Age of entry into pension employment is shown to be positively correlated with future labor supply. When combined with evidence on age-specific changes in labor force participation rates, this pattern casts doubt on the hypothesi...
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作者：Voon, TJ
作者单位：Griffith University
摘要：In this paper, the social benefits from cost-reducing research in the presence of the price policies considered by Murphy ct al. (Journal of Public Economics, 1993, 51, 161-172) are reexamined. Specifically, the analysis incorporates the change in domestic consumer surplus in the appraisal of the research benefits.
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作者：Mohtadi, H
摘要：A simple dynamic representative agent model is presented in which the environment enters into the utility and production functions to analyze long-run economic growth under optimal policy designs. The policies that are considered are production taxes or subsidies and quantitative restrictions. Optimal levels of these instruments are designed by a regulator such that (a) the equilibrium growth path mimics the efficient growth path, and (b) the latter is maximized. One finding is that a combinat...
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作者：Levinson, A
摘要：This paper uses establishment-level data from the Census of Manufactures and the Survey of Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures to examine the effect of differences in the stringency of state environmental regulations on establishment location choice. Unlike previous work in this area, which has focused on particular industries or sets of plants and on one or two measures of environmental regulatory stringency, this study explores the relationship between site choice and environmental re...
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作者：Schweizer, U
摘要：Models of endogenous demographic change deal with population size as an additional object of the welfare analysis. In these models the overlapping-generations (OLG) model serves as the basic framework. In club theory, too, population size is treated as an endogenous variable. In local public goods (LPG) models, the so-called Henry George Theorem, which requires local public expenditures to be financed by a 100% tax on aggregate land rent, is known as a (first-order) condition for club efficien...
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作者：Turnovsky, SJ
摘要：This paper employs an endogenous growth model to analyze the role of a consumption tax in enhancing growth and welfare. Provided government expenditure impacts directly on the decisions of private agents, two fiscal instruments are necessary to replicate the first best optimum. The tradeoff between consumption and income taxes to achieve this outcome is discussed and shown to depend upon the degree of congestion associated with the public good and the level of government expenditure relative t...
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作者：Carling, K; Edin, PA; Harkman, A; Holmlund, B
作者单位：Uppsala University
摘要：Standard search theory as well as some empirical evidence suggest that an unemployed individual's probability of entering employment increases as he approaches the time when unemployment benefits are due to expire. This pattern may not carry over to a country like Sweden, where labor market programs are targeted at the long-term unemployed at risk of benefit exhaustion. The paper examines transitions out of unemployment using data on unemployed individuals in Sweden. A semi-parametric competin...
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作者：Conley, JP; Diamantaras, D
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Temple University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：We give intuitive Samuelson conditions for a very general class of economies. Smoothness and monotonicity are not required. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for all Pareto-efficient allocations, including those on the boundary. We prove that if all agents have a cheaper point, the supporting prices fully decentralize the allocation. We also show first and second welfare theorems as corollaries to the characterization of efficient allocations.
