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作者：Inman, RP; Rubinfeld, DL
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：The emerging economic federations of the European Union, Russia, and South Africa, along with the established federations in Australia, Canada, and the United States, confront the task of designing the institutions for federal fiscal policy. This paper reviews the literature on the design of tax policy in federalist economics. We conclude that taxation by lower level governments can lead to significant economic inefficiencies and inequities. The usual 'assignment' view of federalism recommends...
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作者：Osang, T; Pereira, A
作者单位：William & Mary; Southern Methodist University
摘要：In this paper we study the relationship between tariff structure, growth and welfare for a small, open country with endogenous growth induced by human capital accumulation. Using a model with trade in consumption and two investment goods, we consider the short- and long-run effects of a permanent unanticipated increase in the tariff rates under different replacement regimes, i.e. lump-sum transfer or investment tax credit. We show that most tariffs reduce growth, even in the short run. Also, a...
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作者：Farzin, YH
摘要：Underlying some of the most pressing environmental problems are the interlinked resource and environmental stock externalities with threshold effects. Using a simple dynamic model, it is shown how in the face of such externalities the static market-based policy instruments such as Pigouvian taxes should be modified. It is shown that even if for an initial period there is going to be no pollution stock damage, the optimal policy still requires that abatement begins immediately and at increasing...
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作者：Gabszewicz, JJ; vanYpersele, T
作者单位：Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：This paper analyses how the level of social protection is determined when its choice depends on political competition. First, this is done under autarky. Then the analysis is extended to take account of the existence of an international capital market. We show that social protection never increases under international competition and, in several circumstances, drastically decreases.
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作者：Huizinga, H
作者单位：Tilburg University
摘要：During the 1970s, developing countries differed widely in their regimes of source-based interest withholding taxes. This paper provides evidence on the relationship between interest rates paid by private LDC borrowers on international credits and the withholding tax regime. Pre-tax interest rates are estimated to increase significantly in withholding tax rates. The extent of the mark-up into higher pre-tax interest rates reflects the offsetting foreign tax credits that banks expect to receive....
