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作者：Duclos, JY
作者单位：Laval University; Laval University
摘要：We propose a class of social evaluation functions which capture the well-being of economically isolated individuals in a society. This specification is linked to the important sociological literature on socioeconomic isolation, and to the increasing importance of social exclusion as a basis for the formulation of social policy. From these social evaluation functions, which obey standard axioms of welfare economics, associated classes of indices of inequality, tax departure from proportionality...
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作者：Lundborg, P; Skedinger, P
作者单位：Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：Theoretical studies have shown that capital gains taxes in the housing market may create lock-in effects, but, so far, no empirical evidence has been presented regarding the size of these effects. For a panel of Swedish house owners in 1984-1990, we show that lock-in effects only appear for households with income reductions; the size of these lock-in effects crucially depends on the magnitude of the income loss. The theoretical model and features of the Swedish tax system imply that lock-in ef...
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作者：Wildasin, DE; Wilson, JD
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; Michigan State University; The World Bank
摘要：When a jurisdiction's land or other fixed resources are owned by non-residents, its residents have an incentive to capture the non-residents' rents by imposing confiscatory taxes. When different jurisdictions are subject to less than perfectly correlated risks, such taxes destroy the benefits of risk-pooling that cross-ownership of property otherwise permits. If jurisdictions must use property taxes (i,e, taxes on both immobile land and mobile capital) instead of taxes on land alone, they will...
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作者：Calfee, J; Winston, C
作者单位：Brookings Institution; American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
摘要：Public policy has remained stoutly resistant to the economic profession's call to use congestion tolls to minimize the social costs from automobile congestion. This paper explores this issue by using stated preference models to estimate the value that commuters are willing to pay to save travel time. We find that this value is low and surprisingly insensitive to travel conditions and how toll revenues are used. It appears that even high-income commuters, having adjusted to congestion through t...
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作者：Eijffinger, SCW; Huizinga, HP; Lemmen, JJG
作者单位：Tilburg University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper examines the incidence of nonresident interest withholding taxes in the international 3-month Treasury-bill market and the international 5-year government bond market. The approach is one of pooled cross-section, time-series regressions. The evidence suggests that the yields on national Treasury-bills and on 5-year government bonds fully reflect the nonresident interest withholding taxes imposed on American or Japanese investors. Nonresident interest withholding taxes on short-term ...
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作者：Nelissen, JHM
作者单位：Tilburg University
摘要：In this study we compare the redistributive impact of the Dutch social security on an annual basis with the lifetime redistributive impact. The analysis confirms the theoretical notion that the lifetime impact is smaller than the annual incidence studies suggest. This holds especially for old-age pensions and social assistance and, to a lesser extent, the disability state pension. We also find that, for the Netherlands, the younger the cohort is, the larger the difference. However, employee in...
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作者：Alexander-Cook, K; Bernhardt, D; Roberts, J
作者单位：Queens University - Canada
摘要：This paper looks at the incentives to free-ride on the information signaling of others and shows how this can lead to delay in productive activity and to a cascade of activity once information is signaled. In the presence of increasing returns to scale to a profitable project, an initial pioneer may have to incur short-term losses to signal the opportunity to others. Agents may prefer to defer entry in the hope that others will incur those losses and thereby convey the information. Free-riding...
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作者：McLaren, J
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：In a simple model of endogenous primary-commodity price-support policy, (i) policy is affected by private inventories, and (ii) private inventories are affected by speculative attempts to forecast policy. The interaction between these two forces is rich, yielding bubbles and extrinsic volatility, thus helping to explain some odd episodes observed in commodity markets. In addition, under some conditions a government that wishes to support the price but is unable to commit to future action may b...
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作者：Marks, M; Croson, R
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Longwood University
摘要：This study reports the effects of rebate rules on voluntary contributions to a threshold public good. Rebate rules specify how excess contributions, over the threshold amount are distributed. We examine three rebate rules experimentally: a no rebate policy where excess contributions are discarded, a proportional rebate policy where excess contributions are rebated proportionally to an individual's contribution, and a utilization rebate policy where excess contributions provide some continuous ...
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作者：Moyes, P; Shorrocks, A
作者单位：University of Essex; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Bordeaux; Universite de Bordeaux
摘要：When households are identical in all respects other than income, a non-decreasing average tax rate is both necessary and sufficient for post-tax incomes to be always at least as equal as pre-tax incomes. This paper investigates whether this well known result can be extended to households with different needs. A tax structure which never increases inequality (in the Lorenz sense) is shown to be unable to discriminate between household types. If, in addition, the tax structure never reduces the ...
