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作者：Arnott, R; Kraus, M
作者单位：Boston College
摘要：There are constraints on pricing congestible facilities. First, if heterogeneous users are observationally indistinguishable, then congestion charges must be anonymous. Second, the time variation of congestion charges may be constrained. Do these constraints undermine the feasibility of marginal cost pricing, and hence the applicability of the first-best theory of congestible facilities? For an important class of congestible facilities, we show that if heterogeneous users behave identically wh...
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作者：Devereux, MP; Griffith, R
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Keele University
摘要：This paper considers the factors that influence the locational decisions of multinational firms. A model in which firms produce differentiated products in imperfectly competitive markets is developed, in the spirit of Horstmann and Markusen (1992). Firms choose between a number of foreign locations; the outside options of exporting to or not serving the foreign market an explicitly modelled. Particular attention is paid to the impact of profit taxes, the separate roles of effective average and...
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作者：Ellingsen, T
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics
摘要：Decentralized government leads to inter-regional externalities. Whereas an integrated jurisdiction solves the externality problem, centralized government entails other costs-in particular a neglect for minority interests. The paper models formally the trade-off between these two forces in determining the optimum as well as the equilibrium design of jurisdictions. Both the relative size of regions and the distribution of tastes are shown to be important parameters of the problem. (C) 1998 Elsev...
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作者：Lin, SG
作者单位：University of Nebraska System
摘要：This paper provides alternative analytical results concerning the effect of labor income taxation on human capital accumulation. With the tax revenues being consumed by the government and savings being negatively related to the labor tax rate, an increase in the labor income tax rate reduces the incentive for human capital accumulation, and thus, decreases human capital. With tax revenues being consumed by government and savings being positively related to the labor tax rate, an increase in th...
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作者：Salas, R
作者单位：Complutense University of Madrid
摘要：This note explores the performance of the welfare-based inequality indices under changing populations. We define the marginal population replication axiom, which implies that if we measure inequality in a H households economy and it merges an extra household with the equally-distributed equivalent income of the previous distribution, then social welfare should not change (and therefore inequality should be reduced). Classical relative inequality Atkinson indices satisfy this axiom and therefor...
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作者：Quiggin, J; Chambers, RG
作者单位：James Cook University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：Two basic representations of principal-agent relationships, the 'state-space' and 'parameterized distribution' formulations, have emerged. Although the state-space formulation appears more natural, analytical studies using this formulation have had limited success. This paper develops a state-space formulation of the moral-hazard problem using a general representation of production under uncertainty. A closed-form solution for the agency-cost problem is derived. Comparative-static results are ...
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作者：Mauro, P
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：This paper asks whether predatory behavior by corrupt politicians distorts the composition of government expenditure. Corruption is found to reduce government spending on education in a cross section of countries. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A.
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作者：Haufler, A
作者单位：University of Konstanz
摘要：A widely noticed result by de Crombrugghe and Tulkens (Journal of Public Economics 41 (1990) 335-350) states that asymmetric commodity tax competition always leads to tax rates being too low in both countries, even though there are counteracting private and public consumption effects for the high-tax region. This note argues that the result depends crucially on the assumption that welfare in the high-tax region is concave in the tax rate of the low-tax country and shows that this assumption ca...
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作者：Cremer, H; Gahvari, F; Ladoux, N
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Universite de Toulouse; Universite de Toulouse
摘要：This paper reexamines the optimal tax design problem (income and commodities) in the presence of externalities. The nature of the second-best, and the choice of the tax instruments, are motivated by the informational structure in the economy. The main results are: (i) environmental levies (linear or nonlinear) differ in formula from Pigouvian taxes by the expressions for the optimal tax on private goods; (ii) externalities do not affect commodity tax formulas (linear and nonlinear) for private...
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作者：Chiu, WH; Madden, P
作者单位：University of Manchester
摘要：In a model where risk-neutral agents have differing (legal) incomes which may be supplemented by burglary, we study the effects of income distribution on the level of burglary. Assuming that a detected burglar is incarcerated for a fixed term, and assuming that burglars choose target houses using the signal of house quality, we show how increases in income inequality may increase the level of crime. In particular, increases in 'relative differential' inequality, unambiguously increase burglary...
