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作者：Dixit, A; Londregan, J
作者单位：Princeton University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：We consider the interaction between redistributive politics at central and local levels in a federal system, and characterize the factors influencing success in redistributive politics in both federal and unitary systems. We examine how the political characteristics of different states and groups give them better or worse outcomes in a federal system as opposed to a unitary system. We examine possibilities of multiple equilibria with divided government between the two layers. We analyze the ch...
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作者：Somanathan, R
作者单位：Emory University
摘要：This paper examines the effects of heterogeneity in school quality on high school wages, college enrolment rates and social surplus. Greater heterogeneity in school quality, combined with pooling on the labor market for high school graduates, is shown to result in lower average high school wages, inefficient college-going decisions, and, in some cases, lower social surplus. These effects of heterogeneity tend to be reinforced by technical change which raises the return to human capital. Techni...
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作者：Raff, H; Srinivasan, K
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; International Monetary Fund
摘要：This paper constructs a game-theoretic model to study host country policy to attract import-substituting foreign direct investment (FDI). Investors are assumed to be incompletely informed about local investment conditions, and taxes and tariffs are determined endogenously. We show that in certain situations countries will offer tax incentives while in others they will impose a tariff wall to induce FDI. Tax incentives are motivated by the need to signal favorable investment conditions. The pap...
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作者：Cole, HL; Mailath, GJ; Postlewaite, A
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis
摘要：We analyze a model in which there is socially inefficient competition among people. In this model, self-enforcing social norms can potentially control the inefficient competition. However, the inefficient behavior often cannot be suppressed in equilibrium among those with the lowest income due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions against those in the society with the least to lose. We demonstrate that, in such cases, it may be possible for society to be divided into distinct classes, with ineff...
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作者：Crain, WM; Crain, NV
作者单位：George Mason University; Shenandoah University
摘要：Governments have two main choices for a budgetary baseline procedure: the dollars spent the year before, or the level of services that those dollars bought which is labelled a current services baseline. This paper analyzes the effects of different baselines on fiscal policy. first by developing a conceptual framework and then by examining American state data to compare government spending patterns under alternative baseline rules. Controlling for a host of institutional, economic, and demograp...
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作者：Saint-Paul, G
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University
摘要：We develop a general equilibrium analysis of the impact of active labor market policy on unemployment, wages and the welfare of the employed. This framework is used to assess the political support in favour of such policies and to relate it to the working of Such policies and other parameters characterizing the economic environment. The main finding is that if the employed have little exposure to unemployment and if the demand for unskilled labour is inelastic, then there may be political supp...
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作者：Bernasconi, M
作者单位：University of Pavia
摘要：The classic Allingham and Sandmo's (Journal of Public Economics, 1 (1972) 323-338) portfolio choice approach to income tax evasion has been increasingly criticised because it requires an 'excess' degree of risk aversion to explain the observed rate of tax compliance. In this paper we argue that there may not necessarily be 'excess risk aversion'; and that the evidence can be explained by the distinction between orders of risk aversion, as defined by Segal and Spivak (Journal of Economic Theory...
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作者：Kolm, AS
作者单位：Uppsala University
摘要：This paper investigates the impact of payroll taxes on unemployment and welfare in a two-sector economy characterised by imperfect competition in product and labour markets. The two sectors differ in market competitiveness. It turns out that only the relative tax pressure affects unemployment and welfare. Unemployment can be reduced by having the less competitive sector pay higher taxes. Moreover, differentiated payroll taxes will, in general, improve efficiency. Which sector to tax relatively...
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作者：Neumark, D; Postlewaite, A
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Michigan State University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We ask whether women's decisions to be in the workforce may be affected by the decisions of other women in ways not captured by standard models. We develop a model that augments the simple neoclassical framework by introducing relative income concerns into women's (or families') utility functions. In this model, the entry of some women into paid employment can spur the entry of other women, independently of wage and income effects. We show that relative income concerns can help to explain why,...
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作者：Lahiri, S; Raimondos-Moller, P
作者单位：Copenhagen Business School; University of Essex
摘要：The paper considers the welfare effect of the harmonisation of indirect taxes in two open economies. The revenue from taxation is used for the production of a non-tradeable public good. The welfare levels are affected via two channels: (i) changes in the levels of public goad provision, and (ii) changes in deadweight loss associated with the taxes. We develop a number of rules of harmonisation and derive conditions under which they lead to potential Pareto improvement. (C) 1998 Elsevier Scienc...
