-
作者：Strawczynski, M
作者单位：Bank of Israel
摘要：This paper calculates optimal linear income taxes when differences in income are caused by random factors ('luck') rather than by unobserved individual skills, as assumed in the classical theory of income taxation. As first shown by Varian (1980) [Varian, H.R., 1980. Redistributive taxation as social insurance, Journal of Public Economics 14, 49-68] in the former case income taxation acts as social insurance. By introducing life uncertainty and precautionary behavior, we find higher optimal ma...
-
作者：Warneryd, K
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics
摘要：This paper explores the endogenous formation of jurisdictions, assuming the political process is a costly fight to acquire shares of the GNP pie. In such a setting, the stability of a unified jurisdiction is not necessarily determined by the preferences of the richest member region. We also show that a system of federalism is especially significant in ameliorating distributional competition and conflict. Less resources are spent in aggregate on appropriative activities under a hierarchical sys...
-
作者：Bucovetsky, S
作者单位：York University - Canada
摘要：What causes a group of countries to agree to form a federation? Other alternative arrangements, which often an chosen instead, are to form a unitary state or to remain autonomous. Federations usually allow for considerable freedom of movement among constituent regions. They also provide a fairly limited redistribution of any rents earned in these regions. These two features together imply that residents of poor regions can share in the rents in rich regions by migration. This fiscal migration ...
-
作者：Pestieau, P; Possen, UM; Slutsky, SM
作者单位：University of Liege; Cornell University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
摘要：Consider individuals who draw income from the same random distribution but who differ in their risk aversion and who decide whether or not to report their income truthfully. The government chooses the tax structure including a random tax option, audit probabilities, and penalties on detected evaders to maximize expected ex post social welfare. High income individuals who do not evade then choose to pay either a given amount or draw from a random tax schedule. This schedule ensures that everyon...
-
作者：Brett, C
作者单位：University of Essex
摘要：Traditional analysis of tax reform treats market behaviour as arising out of individual utility maximisation. In this paper, behaviour is modelled as the Pareto-efficient outcome of a family decision process. Conditions for the existence of a feasible, Pareto-improving tax change are presented and contrasted with those that obtain in the individualistic case. The consequences of treating households as a single individual are also discussed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
-
作者：Samwick, AA
作者单位：Dartmouth College
摘要：Using a unique dataset that links the economic and demographic information of households with the details of their pension formulas, I estimate the combined effect of Social Security and pension benefits on the probability of retirement in a cross-section of the population near retirement age. The accrual rate of retirement wealth is shown to be a significant determinant of the probability of retirement. Simulations of extensions in pension coverage comparable to those that occurred in the ear...
-
作者：Corneo, G; Jeanne, O
作者单位：University of Bonn; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole des Ponts ParisTech
摘要：We develop a model of status seeking in the presence of incomplete information and derive its implications for aggregate savings. Status seeking endogenously takes the form of conspicuous consumption. Its impact on savings depends on the scheduling of the contests for status over the life cycle. If individuals engage in conspicuous consumption when old, aggregate savings are increased. We also study the role of social segmentation. While social segmentation reduces the inequality across status...
-
作者：King, MA; Leape, JI
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Bank of England
摘要：We examine a survey of 6010 U.S. households and estimate a model for household portfolio allocation. We extend the conventional portfolio choice model in order to capture the observed incompleteness of household portfolios. We show that the empirical specification of the joint discrete and continuous choice that characterizes household portfolio behavior is a switching regressions model with endogenous switching. We go on to examine the impact of taxes on portfolio composition, using detailed ...
-
作者：Zhang, T; Zou, HF
作者单位：The World Bank; Wuhan University
摘要：This study of China demonstrates how the allocation of fiscal resources between the central and local governments has affected economic growth since reforms began in the late 1970s. We find that a higher degree of fiscal decentralization of government spending is associated with lower provincial economic growth over the past fifteen years. This consistently significant and robust result in our empirical examinations is surprising in light of the argument that fiscal decentralization usually ma...
-
作者：Aronsson, T
作者单位：Umea University
摘要：This paper concerns welfare measurement in the presence of distortionary taxes. One purpose is to explain why the traditional green NNP measure fails as a welfare indicator when distortionary taxes are present. Another is to derive a green NNP analogue in a second best environment. In the second best optimum, the efficiency cost off taxation will affect both the form of the national welfare measure and the proper principles of accounting for pollution. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights...
