2015

最新文章

• Discounting, risk and inequality: A general approach AI翻译
  作者：Fleurbaey, Marc; Zuber, Stephane
  作者单位：Princeton University; Princeton University; Paris School of Economics; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
  摘要：The common practice consists in using a unique value of the discount rate for all public investments. Endorsing a social welfare approach to discounting, we show how different public investments should be discounted depending on: the risk on the returns on investment, the systematic risk on aggregate consumption, the distribution of gains and losses, and inequality. We also study the limit value of the discount rate for very long term investments. We highlight the type of information that is n...
• War and local collective action in Sierra Leone: A comment on the use of coefficient stability approaches AI翻译
  作者：Gonzalez, Felipe; Miguel, Edward
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：In a study of the effect of civil war exposure on local collective action outcomes in Sierra Leone, Bellows and Miguel (2009) employ a coefficient stability approach to assess the importance of omitted variable bias building on Altonji et al. (2005a). Here we clarify the econometric assumptions underlying Bellows and Miguel (2009), and extend their analysis using data on dependent variable reliability ratios and the method developed in Oster (2015). (C) 2015 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved.
• Benefits conditional on work and the Nordic model AI翻译
  作者：Kolm, Ann-Sofie; Tonin, Mirco
  作者单位：Stockholm University; University of Southampton; Central European University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
  摘要：Welfare benefits in the Nordic countries are often tied to employment. We argue that this is one of the factors behind the success of the Nordic model, where a comprehensive welfare state is associated with high employment. In a general equilibrium setting, the underlining mechanism works through wage moderation and job creation. The benefits make it more important to hold a job, thus lower wages will be accepted, and more jobs created. Moreover, we show that the incentive to acquire higher ed...
• Reforming an asymmetric union: On the virtues of dual tier capital taxation AI翻译
  作者：Haufler, Andreas; Luelfesmann, Christoph
  作者单位：University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Simon Fraser University
  摘要：The tax competition for mobile capital, in particular the reluctance of small countries to agree on measures of tax coordination, has ongoing political and economic fallouts within Europe. We analyse the effects of introducing a two tier structure of capital taxation, where the asymmetric member states of a union choose a common, federal tax rate in the first stage, and then non-cooperatively set local tax rates in the second stage. We show that this mechanism effectively reduces competition f...
• The architecture of federations: Constitutions, bargaining, and moral hazard AI翻译
  作者：Luelfesmann, Christoph; Kessler, Anke; Myers, Gordon M.
  作者单位：Simon Fraser University; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
  摘要：The paper studies a federal system where (a) a region provides non-contractible inputs into the social benefits from a public policy project with spillovers to other regions, and (b) where political bargaining between different levels of government may ensure efficient decision making ex post Allowing intergovernmental grants to be designed optimally, we ask whether project authority should rest with the region or with the central-government. Centralization is shown to dominate when government...
• Experimentally estimated impacts of school vouchers on college enrollment and degree attainment AI翻译
  作者：Chingos, Matthew M.; Peterson, Paul E.
  作者单位：Brookings Institution; Harvard University
  摘要：We provide the first experimental estimates of the long-term impacts of a voucher to attend private school by linking data from a privately sponsored voucher initiative in New York City, which awarded the scholarships by lottery to low-income families, to administrative records on college enrollment and degree attainment. We find no significant effects on college enrollment or four-year degree attainment of the offer of a voucher. However, we find substantial, marginally significant impacts fo...
• Regulating prostitution: A health risk approach AI翻译
  作者：Immordino, G.; Russo, F. F.
  作者单位：University of Naples Federico II
  摘要：We build an equilibrium model of prostitution where clients and sex workers choose to demand and supply sex under three legal regimes: prohibition, regulation and laissez-faire. The key feature is the endogenous evolution of the risk as a consequence of policy changes. We calibrate the model to empirical evidence from Italy and then compare the effect of different policies on the equilibrium quantity of prostitution and on the harm associated with it. A prohibition regime that makes it illegal...
• Reexamining the consumption smoothing benefits of Unemployment Insurance AI翻译
  作者：East, Chloe N.; Kuka, Elira
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; Southern Methodist University
  摘要：The Great Recession spurred renewed interest in the moral hazard effects of the Unemployment Insurance (UI) program, however little research has focused on determining its benefits. This paper examines the consumption smoothing benefit of the UI program over the last 40 years, finding strong evidence of heterogeneity in this effect over time. In particular, the effects of UI are smaller in the 1990s compared with the 1970s. The 1990s were unique because of the long period of low unemployment r...
• Is universal child care leveling the playing field? AI翻译
  作者：Havnes, Tarjei; Mogstad, Magne
  作者单位：University of Oslo; University of Chicago; Statistics Norway
  摘要：We assess the case for universal child care programs in the context of a Norwegian reform which led to a large-scale expansion of subsidized child care. We use non-linear difference-in-differences methods to estimate the quantile treatment effects of the reform. We find that the effects of the child care expansion were positive in the lower and middle parts of the earnings distribution of exposed children as adults, and negative in the uppermost part. We complement this analysis with local lin...
• Desert and inequity aversion in teams AI翻译
  作者：Gill, David; Stone, Rebecca
  作者单位：University of Oxford; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
  摘要：Teams are becoming increasingly important in work settings. We develop a framework to study the strategic implications of a meritocratic notion of desert under which team members care about receiving what they feel they deserve. Team members find it painful to receive less than their perceived entitlement, while receiving more may induce pleasure or pain depending on whether their preferences exhibit desert elation or desert guilt. Our notion of desert generalizes distributional concern models...