3期

最新文章

• Inactivation of face-selective neurons alters eye movements when free viewing faces AI翻译
  作者：Azadi, Reza; Lopez, Emily; Taubert, Jessica; Patterson, Amanda; Afraz, Arash
  作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); University of Queensland
  摘要：During free viewing, faces attract gaze and induce specific fixation patterns corresponding to the facial features. This suggests that neurons encoding the facial features are in the causal chain that steers the eyes. However, there is no physiological evidence to support a mechanistic link between face-encoding neurons in high-level visual areas and the oculomotor system. In this study, we targeted the middle face patches of the inferior temporal (IT) cortex in two macaque monkeys using an fu...
• Neural heterogeneity controls computations in spiking neural networks AI翻译
  作者：Gast, Richard; Solla, Sara A.; Kennedy, Ann
  作者单位：Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine
  摘要：The brain is composed of complex networks of interacting neurons that express considerable heterogeneity in their physiology and spiking characteristics. How does this neural heterogeneity influence macroscopic neural dynamics, and how might it contribute to neural computation? In this work, we use a mean-field model to investigate computation in heterogeneous neural networks, by studying how the heterogeneity of cell spiking thresholds affects three key computational functions of a neural pop...
• Selection pressures on evolution of ribonuclease H explored with rigorous free-energy-based design AI翻译
  作者：Hayes, Ryan L.; Nixon, Charlotte F.; Marqusee, Susan; Brooks III, Charles L.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
  摘要：Understanding natural protein evolution and designing novel proteins are motivating interest in development of high-throughput methods to explore large sequence spaces. In this work, we demonstrate the application of multisite lambda dynamics (MS lambda D), a rigorous free energy simulation method, and chemical denaturation experiments to quantify evolutionary selection pressure from sequence-stability relationships and to address questions of design. This study examines a mesophilic phylogene...
• Cryo-EM structure and functional landscape of an RNA polymerase ribozyme AI翻译
  作者：Mcrae, Ewan K. S.; Wan, Christopher J. K.; Kristoffersen, Emil L.; Hansen, Kalinka; Gianni, Edoardo; Gallego, Isaac; Curran, Joseph F.; Attwater, James; Holliger, Philipp; Anderse, Ebbe S.
  作者单位：Aarhus University; MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology
  摘要：The emergence of an RNA replicase capable of self-replication is considered an important stage in the origin of life. RNA polymerase ribozymes (PR) - including a variant that uses trinucleotide triphosphates (triplets) as substrates - have been created by in vitro evolution and are the closest functional analogues of the replicase, but the structural basis for their function is poorly understood. Here we use single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and high-throughput mutation a...
• A predisposed motor bias shapes individuality in vocal learning AI翻译
  作者：Toji, Noriyuki; Sawai, Azusa; Wang, Hongdi; Ji, Yu; Sugioka, Rintaro; Go, Yasuhiro; Wada, Kazuhiro
  作者单位：Hokkaido University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Hokkaido University; National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) - Japan; The Exploratory Research Center on Life & Living Systems (ExCELLS); Graduate University for Advanced Studies - Japan; National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) - Japan; National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS); Hokkaido University
  摘要：The development of individuality during learned behavior is a common trait observed across animal species; however, the underlying biological mechanisms remain understood. Similar to human speech, songbirds develop individually unique songs with species-specific traits through vocal learning. In this study, we investigate the developmental and molecular mechanisms underlying individuality in vocal learning by utilizing F1 hybrid songbirds (Taeniopygia guttata cross with Taeniopygia bichenovii)...
• The exostosin glycosyltransferase 1/STAT3 axis is a driver of breast cancer aggressiveness AI翻译
  作者：Solaimuthu, Balakrishnan; Khatib, Anees; Tanna, Mayur; Karmi, Abdelrahman; Hayashi, Arata; Abu Rmaileh, Areej; Lichtenstein, Michal; Takoe, Suranjana; Jolly, Mohit Kumar; Shaul, Yoav David
  作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) - Berhampur; Indian Institute of Science (IISC) - Bangalore
  摘要：The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program is crucial for transforming carcinoma cells into a partially mesenchymal state, enhancing their chemoresistance, migration, and metastasis. This shift in cell state is tightly regulated by cellular mechanisms that are not yet fully characterized. One intriguing EMT aspect is the rewiring of the proteoglycan landscape, particularly the induction of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) biosynthesis. This proteoglycan functions as a co- receptor ...
• Pollen nutrition structures bee and plant community interactions AI翻译
  作者：Vaudo, Anthony D.; Dyer, Lee A.; Leonard, Anne S.
  作者单位：Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Reno; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service
  摘要：As bees' main source of protein and lipids, pollen is critical for their development, reproduction, and health. Plant species vary considerably in the macronutrient content of their pollen, and research in bee model systems has established that this variation both modulates performance and guides floral choice. Yet, how variation in pollen chemistry shapes interactions between plants and bees in natural communities is an open question, essential for both understanding the nutritional dynamics ...
• Accurate estimation of biological age and its application in disease prediction using a multimodal image Transformer system AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Jinzhuo; Gao, Yuanxu; Wang, Fangfei; Zeng, Simiao; Li, Jiahui; Miao, Hanpei; Wang, Taorui; Zeng, Jin; Baptista-Hon, Daniel; Monteiro, Olivia; Guan, Taihua; Cheng, Linling; Lu, Yuxing; Luo, Zhengchao; Li, Ming; Zhu, Jian-kang; Nie, Sheng; Zhang, Kang; Zhou, Yong
  作者单位：Peking University; Macau University of Science & Technology; Macau University of Science & Technology; Macau University of Science & Technology; Guangzhou Laboratory; Guangzhou Medical University; Southern Medical University - China; Wenzhou Medical University; Southern University of Science & Technology; Southern University of Science & Technology; Southern Medical University - China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
  摘要：Aging in an individual refers to the temporal change, mostly decline, in the body's ability to meet physiological demands. Biological age (BA) is a biomarker of chronological aging and can be used to stratify populations to predict certain age- related chronic diseases. BA can be predicted from biomedical features such as brain MRI, retinal, or facial images, but the inherent heterogeneity in the aging process limits the usefulness of BA predicted from individual body systems. In this paper, w...
• Local and dynamic regulation of neuronal glycolysis in vivo AI翻译
  作者：Wolfe, Aaron D.; Koberstein, John N.; Smith, Chadwick B.; Stewart, Melissa L.; Gonzaleza, Ian J.; Hammarlund, Marc; Hyman, Anthony A.; Stork, Philip J. S.; Goodman, Richard H.; Colon-Ramosa, Daniel A.
  作者单位：Yale University; Yale University; Oregon Health & Science University; Max Planck Society; Yale University
  摘要：Energy metabolism supports neuronal function. While it is well established that changes in energy metabolism underpin brain plasticity and function, less is known about how individual neurons modulate their metabolic states to meet varying energy demands. This is because most approaches used to examine metabolism in living organisms lack the resolution to visualize energy metabolism within individual circuits, cells, or subcellular regions. Here, we adapted a biosensor for glycolysis, HYlight,...
• Phylogenomics of the psychoactive mushroom genus Psilocybe and evolution of the psilocybin biosynthetic gene cluster AI翻译
  作者：Bradshaw, Alexander J.; Ramirez-Cruz, Virginia; Awan, Ali R.; Furci, Giuliana; Guzman-Davalos, Laura; Dentinger, Bryn T. M.
  作者单位：Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Universidad de Guadalajara; Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Universidad de Guadalajara
  摘要：Psychoactive mushrooms in the genus Psilocybe have immense cultural value and have been used for centuries in Mesoamerica. Despite the recent surge of interest in these mushrooms due to the psychotherapeutic potential of their natural alkaloid psilocybin, their phylogeny and taxonomy remain substantially incomplete. Moreover, the recent elucidation of the psilocybin biosynthetic gene cluster is known for only five of similar to 165 species of Psilocybe, four of which belong to only one of two ...