3期

最新文章

• Refugee settlements are highly exposed to extreme weather conditions AI翻译
  作者：Fransen, Sonja; Werntges, Anja; Hunns, Alexander; Sirenko, Mikhail; Comes, Tina
  作者单位：Maastricht University; Delft University of Technology; Eindhoven University of Technology; Maastricht University
  摘要：Involuntary displacement from conflict and other causes leads to clustering of refugees and internally displaced people, often in long-term settlements. Within refugee-hosting countries, refugee settlements are frequently located in isolated and remote areas, characterized by poor-quality land and harsh climatic conditions. Yet, the exposure of refugee settlements to climatic events is underresearched. In this article, we study the exposure of the 20 largest refugee settlements worldwide to ex...
• Societal determinants of flood-induced displacement AI翻译
  作者：Vestby, Jonas; Schutte, Sebastian; Tollefsen, Andreas Foro; Buhaug, Halvard
  作者单位：Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO); Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU)
  摘要：What explains human consequences of weather-related disaster? Here, we explore how core socioeconomic, political, and security conditions shape flood-induced displacement worldwide since 2000. In-sample regression analysis shows that extreme displacement levels are more likely in contexts marked by low national income levels, nondemocratic political systems, high local economic activity, and prevalence of armed conflict. The analysis also reveals large residual differences across continents, w...
• A structurally precise mechanism links an epilepsy-associated KCNC2 potassium channel mutation to interneuron dysfunction AI翻译
  作者：Clatot, Jerome; Currin, Christopher B.; Liang, Qiansheng; Pipatpolkai, Tanadet; Massey, Shavonne L.; Helbig, Ingo; Delemotte, Lucie; Vogels, Tim P.; Covarrubias, Manuel; Goldberg, Ethan M.
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; Institute of Science & Technology - Austria; Thomas Jefferson University; Thomas Jefferson University; Royal Institute of Technology; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：De novo heterozygous variants in KCNC2 encoding the voltage-gated potassium (K+) channel subunit Kv3.2 are a recently described cause of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). A de novo variant in KCNC2 c.374G > A (p.Cys125Tyr) was identified via exome sequencing in a patient with DEE. Relative to wild-type Kv3.2, Kv3.2-p.Cys125Tyr induces K+ currents exhibiting a large hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of activation, accelerated activation, and delayed deactivation co...
• Fossil evidence sheds light on sexual selection during the early evolution of birds AI翻译
  作者：Zhou, Yibo; Pan, Yanhong; Wang, Min; Wang, Xiaoli; Zheng, Xiaoting; Zhou, Zhonghe
  作者单位：Nanjing University; Nanjing University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology & Paleoanthropology, CAS; Linyi University
  摘要：The impact of sexual selection on the evolution of birds has been widely acknowledged. Although sexual selection has been hypothesized as a driving force in the occurrences of numerous morphological features across theropod evolution, this hypothesis has yet to be comprehensively tested due to challenges in identifying the sex of fossils and by the limited sample size. Confuciusornis sanctus is arguably the best-known early avialan and is represented by thousands of well-preserved specimens fr...
• Structure of a tripartite protein complex that targets toxins to the type VII secretion system AI翻译
  作者：Klein, Timothy A.; Shah, Prakhar Y.; Gkragkopoulou, Polyniki; Grebenc, Dirk W.; Kim, Youngchang; Whitney, John C.
  作者单位：McMaster University; McMaster University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Argonne National Laboratory; McMaster University
  摘要：Type VII secretion systems are membrane-embedded nanomachines used by Gram-positive bacteria to export effector proteins from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment. Many of these effectors are polymorphic toxins comprised of an N-terminal Leu-x-Gly (LXG) domain of unknown function and a C-terminal toxin domain that inhibits the growth of bacterial competitors. In recent work, it was shown that LXG effectors require two cognate Lap proteins for T7SS-dependent export. Here, we present t...
• Direct measurement of dynamic attractant gradients reveals breakdown of the Patlak-Keller-Segel chemotaxis model AI翻译
  作者：Phan, Trung V.; Mattingly, Henry H.; Vo, Lam; Marvin, Jonathan S.; Looger, Loren L.; Emonet, Thierry
  作者单位：Yale University; Yale University; Simons Foundation; Flatiron Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Yale University
  摘要：Chemotactic bacteria not only navigate chemical gradients, but also shape their environments by consuming and secreting attractants. Investigating how these processes influence the dynamics of bacterial populations has been challenging because of a lack of experimental methods for measuring spatial profiles of chemoattractants in real time. Here, we use a fluorescent sensor for aspartate to directly measure bacterially generated chemoattractant gradients during collective migration. Our measur...
• MFP1 defines the subchloroplast location of starch granule initiation AI翻译
  作者：Sharma, Mayank; Abt, Melanie R.; Eicke, Simona; Ilse, Theresa E.; Liu, Chun; Lucas, Miriam S.; Pfister, Barbara; Zeeman, Samuel C.
  作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
  摘要：Starch is one of the major carbohydrate storage compounds in plants. The biogenesis of starch granules starts with the formation of initials, which subsequently expand into granules. Several coiled-coil domain-containing proteins have been previously implicated with the initiation process, but the mechanisms by which they act remain largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate that one of these proteins, the thylakoid-associated MAR-BINDING FILAMENT-LIKE PROTEIN 1 (MFP1), specifically determines the ...
• Hormonal basis of sex differences in anesthetic sensitivity AI翻译
  作者：Wasilczuk, Andrzej Z.; Rinehart, Cole; Aggarwal, Adeeti; Stone, Martha E.; Mashour, George A.; Avidan, Michael S.; Kelz, Max B.; Proekt, Alex
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Washington University (WUSTL); University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：General anesthesia-a pharmacologically induced reversible state of unconsciousnes-senables millions of life-saving procedures. Anesthetics induce unconsciousness in part by impinging upon sexually dimorphic and hormonally sensitive hypothalamic circuits regulating sleep and wakefulness. Thus, we hypothesized that anesthetic sensitivity should be sex-dependent and modulated by sex hormones. Using distinct behavioral measures, we show that at identical brain anesthetic concentrations, female mic...
• Efr3b is essential for social recognition by modulating the excitability of CA2 pyramidal neurons AI翻译
  作者：Wei, Xiaojie; Wang, Jing; Yang, Enlu; Zhang, Yiping; Qian, Qi; Li, Xuekun; Huang, Fude; Sun, Binggui
  作者单位：Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Shaoxing University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
  摘要：CA2 pyramidal neurons ( PNs) are associated with social behaviors. The mechanisms, however, remain to be fully investigated. Here, we report that Efr3b, a protein essential for phospholipid metabolism at the plasma membrane, is widely expressed in the brain, especially in the hippocampal CA2/CA3 areas. To assess the functional significance of Efr3b in the brain, we generated Efr3bf/f mice and crossed them with Nestin-cre mice to delete Efr3b specifically in the brain. We find that Efr3b defici...
• Bacterivorous nematodes decipher microbial iron siderophores as prey cue in predator-prey interactions AI翻译
  作者：Hu, Minqi; Ma, Yeping; Chu, Song Lin
  作者单位：Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong Polytechnic University
  摘要：The minimal levels of biological- available iron in the environment impose growth limitation on all living organisms. Microbes often secrete high iron- binding- affinity siderophores at high concentrations for scavenging iron from the iron- limited habitats. However, the high prevalence of siderophores released by bacteria into the environment raises an intriguing question whether this chemical cue can be detected by bacterivorous predators. Here, we show that the bacterivorous Caenorhabditis ...