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作者：Yu, Jinting; Zhao, Wan; Chen, Xiaofang; Lu, Hong; Xiao, Yan; Li, Qiong; Luo, Lan; Kang, Le; Cui, Feng
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
摘要：Wing dimorphism of insect vectors is a determining factor for viral long-distance dispersal and large-area epidemics. Although plant viruses affect the wing plasticity of insect vectors, the potential underlying molecular mechanisms have seldom been investigated. Here, we found that a planthopper-vectored rice virus, rice stripe virus (RSV), specifically induces a long-winged morph in male insects. The analysis of field populations demonstrated that the long-winged ratios of male insects are c...
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作者：Scheibner, Colin; Ori, Hillel; Cohen, Adam E.; Vitelli, Vincenzo
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Chicago; Harvard University; Harvard University; University of Chicago
摘要：Excitable media, ranging from bioelectric tissues and chemical oscillators to forest fires and competing populations, are nonlinear, spatially extended systems capable of spiking. Most investigations of excitable media consider situations where the amplifying and suppressing forces necessary for spiking coexist at every point in space. In this case, spikes arise due to local bistabilities, which require a fine-tuned ratio between local amplification and suppression strengths. But, in nature an...
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作者：Baum, Micah Y.; Jacob, Brian A.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper examines whether school COVID-19 policies influenced enrollment differently by student age and race/ethnicity. Unlike much prior research, we i) analyze enrollments for virtually the entire U.S. public school population for both the 2020- 2021 and 2021-2022 school years, ii) compare enrollment trends within districts in order to isolate subgroup heterogeneity from district characteristics, and iii) account for district selection into preferred learning modes. Analyzing data on over ...
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作者：Didier, Gustavo; Glatt-Holtz, Nathan E.; Holbrook, Andrew J.; Magee, Andrew F.; Suchard, Marc A.
作者单位：Tulane University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：The continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) is the mathematical workhorse of evolutionary biology. Learning CTMC model parameters using modern, gradientbased methods requires the derivative of the matrix exponential evaluated at the CTMC's infinitesimal generator (rate) matrix. Motivated by the derivative's extreme computational complexity as a function of state space cardinality, recent work demonstrates the surprising effectiveness of a naive, first-order approximation for a host of problems in ...
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作者：Gottlieb, Assaf; Pham, H. Phuong T.; Saltarrelli, Jerome G.; Lindsey, J. William
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Health Science Center Houston; University of Texas System; University of Texas Health Science Center Houston; University of Texas System; University of Texas Health Science Center Houston
摘要：Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has long been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), but the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of MS is not clear. Our hypothesis is that a major fraction of the expanded clones of T lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are specific for autologous EBV-infected B cells. We obtained blood and CSF samples from eight relapsing-remitting patients in the process of diagnosis. We stimulated cells from the blood with autologous EBV-infected lymphoblastoid cel...
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作者：Huang, Lin- Chien; Mckeown, Caroline R.; He, Hai- Yan; Ta, Aaron C.; Cline, Hollis T.
作者单位：Scripps Research Institute; Johnson & Johnson; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Georgetown University; Illumina
摘要：In developing Xenopus tadpoles, the optic tectum begins to receive patterned visual input while visuomotor circuits are still undergoing neurogenesis and circuit assembly. This visual input regulates neural progenitor cell fate decisions such that maintaining tadpoles in the dark increases proliferation, expanding the progenitor pool, while visual stimulation promotes neuronal differentiation. To identify regulators of activity- dependent neural progenitor cell fate, we profiled the transcript...
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作者：Viegas, Jennifer
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作者：Kompotis, Konstantinos; Mang, Geraldine M.; Hubbard, Jeffrey; Jimenez, Sonia; Emmenegger, Yann; Polysopoulos, Christos; Hor, Charlotte N.; Wigger, Leonore; Hebert, Sebastien S.; Mongrain, Valerie; Franken, Paul
作者单位：University of Lausanne; University of Zurich; Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+); University of Zurich; University of Lausanne; Laval University; Laval University Hospital; Laval University; Universite de Montreal; Universite de Montreal; Universite de Montreal
摘要：MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that have been implicated in a plethora of neuronal processes. Nevertheless, their role in regulating brain activity in the context of sleep has so far received little attention. To test their involvement, we deleted mature miRNAs in post-mitotic neurons at two developmental ages, i.e., in early adulthood using conditional Dicer knockout (cKO) mice and in adult mice using an inducible conditional Dicer cKO (icKO) lin...
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作者：Sarsam, Reta D.; Xu, Jun; Lahiri, Indrajit; Gong, Wenzhi; Li, Qingrong; Oh, Juntaek; Zhou, Zhen; Hou, Peini; Chong, Jenny; Hao, Nan; Lic, Shisheng; Wang, Dong; Leschziner, Andres E.
作者单位：Charles River Laboratories; Zhejiang University; University of Sheffield; Kyung Hee University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Transcription- coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC- NER) is a highly conserved DNA repair pathway that removes bulky lesions in the transcribed genome. Cockayne syndrome B protein (CSB), or its yeast ortholog Rad26, has been known for dec-ades to play important roles in the lesion- recognition steps of TC- NER. Another conserved protein ELOF1, or its yeast ortholog Elf1, was recently identified as a core transcription- coupled repair factor. How Rad26 distinguishes between RNA polymerase II...
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作者：Garcia-Lopez, Maria angeles; Mora, Alfonso; Corrales, Patricia; Pons, Tirso; de Diego, Ainhoa Sanchez; Gutierrez, Amaia Talavera; van Wely, Karel H. M.; Medina-Gomez, Gema; Sabio, Guadalupe; Martinez-A, Carlos; Fischer, Thierry
作者单位：Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB); Autonomous University of Madrid; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC); Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
摘要：The prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to rise in the population worldwide. Because it is an important predisposing factor for cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and COVID- 19, obesity reduces life expectancy. Adipose tissue (AT), the main fat storage organ with endocrine capacity, plays fundamental roles in systemic metabo-lism and obesity- related diseases. Dysfunctional AT can induce excess or reduced body fat (lipodystrophy). Dido1 is a marker gene for stemness...
