Phylogenomics of the psychoactive mushroom genus Psilocybe and evolution of the psilocybin biosynthetic gene cluster
成果类型：
Article
署名作者：
Bradshaw, Alexander J.; Ramirez-Cruz, Virginia; Awan, Ali R.; Furci, Giuliana; Guzman-Davalos, Laura; Dentinger, Bryn T. M.
署名单位：
Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Universidad de Guadalajara; Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Universidad de Guadalajara
刊物名称：
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
ISSN/ISSBN：
0027-9153
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2311245121
发表日期：
2024-01-16
关键词：
tree
serotonin
fungi
generation
algorithm
ELEMENTS
database
plant
摘要：
Psychoactive mushrooms in the genus Psilocybe have immense cultural value and have been used for centuries in Mesoamerica. Despite the recent surge of interest in these mushrooms due to the psychotherapeutic potential of their natural alkaloid psilocybin, their phylogeny and taxonomy remain substantially incomplete. Moreover, the recent elucidation of the psilocybin biosynthetic gene cluster is known for only five of similar to 165 species of Psilocybe, four of which belong to only one of two major clades. We set out to improve the phylogeny of Psilocybe using shotgun sequencing of fungarium specimens, from which we obtained 71 metagenomes including from 23 types, and conducting phylogenomic analysis of 2,983 single-copy gene families to generate a fully supported phylogeny. Molecular clock analysis suggests the stem lineage of Psilocybe arose similar to 67 mya and diversified similar to 56 mya. We also show that psilocybin biosynthesis first arose in Psilocybe, with 4 to 5 possible horizontal transfers to other mushrooms between 40 and 9 mya. Moreover, predicted orthologs of the psilocybin biosynthetic genes revealed two distinct gene orders within the biosynthetic gene cluster that corresponds to a deep split within the genus, possibly a signature of two independent acquisitions of the cluster within Psilocybe.
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