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作者：Wipfler, Benjamin; Hoepfner, Ole; Viebahn, Felix; Weihmann, Tom; Rieg, Frank; Engelmann, Carsten
作者单位：University of Bayreuth; University of Bayreuth; University of Rostock
摘要：Mechanical grasping and holding devices depend upon a firm and controlled grip. The possibility to improve this gripping performance is severely limited by the need for miniaturization in many applications, such as robotics, microassembly, or surgery. In this paper, we show how this gripping can be improved in one application (the endoscopic needle holder) by understanding and imitating the design principles that evolution has selected to make the mandibles of an ant a powerful natural grippin...
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作者：Zhao, Huan; Jiang, Xinyu; Ma, Mingze; Xing, Limin; Ji, Xiaoxiao; Pan, Yufeng; Luo, Liqun
作者单位：Southeast University - China; Nantong University
摘要：Social enrichment or social isolation affects a range of innate behaviors, such as sex, aggression, and sleep, but whether there is a shared mechanism is not clear. Here, we report a neural mechanism underlying social modulation of spontaneous locomotor activity (SoMo-SLA), an internal- driven behavior indicative of internal states. We find that social enrichment specifically reduces spontaneous locomotor activity in male flies. We identify neuropeptides Diuretic hormone 44 (DH44) and Tachykin...
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作者：Johnson, Amy L.; Levesque, Christopher; Lewis, Neil A., Jr.; Asad, Asad L.
作者单位：Lehigh University; University System of Ohio; Kenyon College; Cornell University; Stanford University
摘要：The national context of deportation threat, defined as the federal government's approach to deportation and/or deportation's salience to the US public, fluctuated between 2011 and 2018. US Latinos across citizenship statuses may have experienced growing psychological distress associated with these changes, given their disproportionate personal or proximal vulnerabilities to deportation. Drawing on 8 y of public- and restricted-access data from the National Health Interview Survey (2011 to 2018...
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作者：Keroack, Caroline D.; Elsworth, Brendan; Tennessen, Jacob A.; Paul, Aditya S.; Hua, Renee; Ramirez-Ramirez, Luz; Ye, Sida; Moreira, Cristina K.; Meyers, Marvin J.; Zarringhalam, Kourosh; Duraisingh, Manoj T.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Boston; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Boston; Washington University (WUSTL); Saint Louis University; Brown University; US Food & Drug Administration (FDA)
摘要：Babesiosis is an emerging zoonosis and widely distributed veterinary infection caused by 100+ species of Babesia parasites. The diversity of Babesia parasites and the lack of specific drugs necessitate the discovery of broadly effective antibabesials. Here, we describe a comparative chemogenomics (CCG) pipeline for the identification of conserved targets. CCG relies on parallel in vitro evolution of resistance in independent populations of Babesia spp. (B. bovis and B. divergens). We identifie...
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作者：Lellep, Martin; Linkmann, Moritz; Morozov, Alexander
作者单位：University of Edinburgh; University of Edinburgh; Heriot Watt University; University of Edinburgh
摘要：Solutions of long, flexible polymer molecules are complex fluids that simultaneously exhibit fluid-like and solid-like behavior. When subjected to an external flow, dilute polymer solutions exhibit elastic turbulence-a unique, chaotic flow state absent in Newtonian fluids, like water. Unlike its Newtonian counterpart, elastic turbulence is caused by polymer molecules stretching and aligning in the flow, and can occur at vanishing inertia. While experimental realizations of elastic turbulence a...
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作者：Dasgupta, Anirban
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University
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作者：Dore, Hugo; Eisenberg, Amy R.; Junkins, Emily N.; Leventhal, Gabriel E.; Ganesh, Anakha; Cordero, Otto X.; Paul, Blair G.; Valentine, David L.; O'Malley, Michelle A.; Wilbanks, Elizabeth G.
作者单位：Ifremer; Universite de Bretagne Occidentale; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Marine Biological Laboratory - Woods Hole; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Marine Biological Laboratory - Woods Hole
摘要：Diversity - generating retroelements (DGRs) are used by bacteria, archaea, and viruses as a targeted mutagenesis tool. Through error - prone reverse transcription, DGRs introduce random mutations at specific genomic loci, enabling rapid evolution of these targeted genes. However, the function and benefits of DGRdiversified proteins in cellular hosts remain elusive. We find that 82% of DGRs from one of the major monophyletic lineages of DGR reverse transcriptases are encoded by multicellular ba...
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作者：Ilker, Efe; Hinczewski, Michael
作者单位：Max Planck Society; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University
摘要：Noise control, together with other regulatory functions facilitated by microRNAs (miRNAs), is believed to have played important roles in the evolution of multicellular eukaryotic organisms. miRNAs can dampen protein fluctuations via enhanced degradation of messenger RNA (mRNA), but this requires compensation by increased mRNA transcription to maintain the same expression levels. The overall mechanism is metabolically expensive, leading to questions about how it might have evolved in the first ...
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作者：Li, Zhangqiang; Wu, Qiurong; Huang, Gaoxingyu; Jin, Xueqin; Li, Jiaao; Pan, Xiaojing; Yan, Nieng
作者单位：Tsinghua University; Westlake University; Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research & Translation (SMART)
摘要：Voltage - gated sodium channels (Nav) undergo conformational shifts in response to membrane potential changes, a mechanism known as the electromechanical coupling. To delineate the structure-function relationship of human Nav channels, we have performed systematic structural analysis using human Nav1.7 as a prototype. Guided by the structural differences between wild - type (WT) Nav1.7 and an eleven mutation- containing variant, designated Nav1.7-M11, we generated three additional intermediate...
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作者：Mangeol, Pierre; Harroche, Dominique Massey-; Sebbagh, Michael; Richard, Fabrice; Le Bivic, Andre; Lenne, Pierre- Francois
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Biology (INSB); Aix-Marseille Universite; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Aix-Marseille Universite; Aix-Marseille Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Biology (INSB)
摘要：Cell-cell apical junctions of epithelia consist of multiprotein complexes that organize as belts regulating cell-cell adhesion, permeability, and mechanical tension: the tight junction (zonula occludens), the zonula adherens (ZA), and the macula adherens. The prevailing dogma is that at the ZA, E- cadherin and catenins are lined with F - actin bundles that support and transmit mechanical tension between cells. Using super- resolution microscopy on human intestinal biopsies and Caco-2 cells, we...
