9期

最新文章

• Parasitic fish embryos do a front- flip on the yolk to resist expulsion from the host AI翻译
  作者：Yi, Wenjing; Reichard, Martin; Rucklin, Martin; Richardsona, Michael K.
  作者单位：Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Czech Academy of Sciences; Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology, CAS; University of Lodz; Masaryk University; Naturalis Biodiversity Center
  摘要：Embryonic development is often considered shielded from the effects of natural selection, being selected primarily for reliable development. However, embryos sometimes represent virulent parasites, triggering a coevolutionary arms race with their host. We have examined embryonic adaptations to a parasitic lifestyle in the bitterling fish. Bitterlings are brood parasites that lay their eggs in the gill chamber of host mussels. Bitterling eggs and embryos have adaptations to resist being flushed...
• Mucociliary transport in cystic fibrosis AI翻译
  作者：Cicuta, Pietro
  作者单位：University of Cambridge
• Homologous mutations in human β, embryonic, and perinatal muscle myosins have divergent effects on molecular power generation AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Chao; Karabina, Anastasia; Meller, Artur; Bhattacharjee, Ayan; Agostino, Colby J.; Bowman, Greg R.; Ruppel, Kathleen M.; Spudich, James A.; Leinwand, Leslie A.
  作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：Mutations at a highly conserved homologous residue in three closely related muscle myosins cause three distinct diseases involving muscle defects: R671C in beta- cardiac myosin causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, R672C and R672H in embryonic skeletal myosin cause Freeman-Sheldon syndrome, and R674Q in perinatal skeletal myosin causes trismus- pseudocamptodactyly syndrome. It is not known whether their effects at the molecular level are similar to one another or correlate with disease phenotype...
• Polytypic species concept and subspecies in the genomic era AI翻译
  作者：Lukhtanov, Vladimir A.
  作者单位：Russian Academy of Sciences; Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
• Dark and Dronc activation in Drosophila melanogaster AI翻译
  作者：Tian, Lu; Li, Yini; Shi, Yigong
  作者单位：Tsinghua University; Westlake Laboratory; Westlake University; Westlake University; Westlake University
  摘要：The onset of apoptosis is characterized by a cascade of caspase activation, where initiator caspases are activated by a multimeric adaptor complex known as the apoptosome. In Drosophila melanogaster, the initiator caspase Dronc undergoes autocatalytic activation in the presence of the Dark apoptosome. Despite rigorous investigations, the activation mechanism for Dronc remains elusive. Here, we report the cryo- EM structures of an auto- inhibited Dark monomer and a single- layered, multimeric D...
• Centimeter- sized diamond composites with high electrical conductivity and hardness AI翻译
  作者：Yang, Xigui; Zang, Jinhao; Zhao, Xingju; Ren, Xiaoyan; Ma, Shuailing; Zhang, Zhuangfei; Zhang, Yuewen; Li, Xing; Cheng, Shaobo; Li, Shunfang; Liu, Bingbing; Shan, Chongxin
  作者单位：Zhengzhou University; Henan Academy of Sciences; Ningbo University; Jilin University
  摘要：Achieving high- performance materials with superior mechanical properties and electrical conductivity, especially in large - sized bulk forms, has always been the goal. However, it remains a grand challenge due to the inherent trade - off between these properties. Herein, by employing nanodiamonds as precursors, centimeter - sized diamond/graphene composites were synthesized under moderate pressure and temperature conditions (12 GPa and 1,300 to 1,500 degrees C celsius), and the composites con...
• Diverse cytomegalovirus US11 antagonism and MHC- A evasion strategies reveal a tit- for- tat coevolutionary arms race in hominids AI翻译
  作者：Zimmermann, Cosima; Watson, Gabrielle M.; Bauersfeld, Liane; Berry, Richard; Ciblis, Barbara; Lan, Huan; Gerke, Carolin; Oberhardt, Valerie; Fuchs, Jonas; Hofmann, Maike; Freund, Christian; Rossjohn, Jamie; Momburg, Frank; Hengel, Hartmut; Halenius, Anne
  作者单位：University of Freiburg; Monash University; Monash University; Free University of Berlin; University of Freiburg; University of Freiburg; Cardiff University; Helmholtz Association; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
  摘要：Recurrent, ancient arms races between viruses and hosts have shaped both host immu-nological defense strategies as well as viral countermeasures. One such battle is waged by the glycoprotein US11 encoded by the persisting human cytomegalovirus. US11 mediates degradation of major histocompatibility class I (MHC- I) molecules to prevent CD8+ T- cell activation. Here, we studied the consequences of the arms race between US11 and primate MHC- A proteins, leading us to uncover a tit-for-tat coevolu...
• Deep learning models reveal replicable, generalizable, and behaviorally relevant sex differences in human functional brain organization AI翻译
  作者：Ryali, Srikanth; Zhang, Yuan; de los Angeles, Carlo; Supekar, Kaustubh; Menon, Vinod
  作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University
  摘要：Sex plays a crucial role in human brain development, aging, and the manifestation of psychiatric and neurological disorders. However, our understanding of sex differences in human functional brain organization and their behavioral consequences has been hindered by inconsistent findings and a lack of replication. Here, we address these challenges using a spatiotemporal deep neural network (stDNN) model to uncover latent functional brain dynamics that distinguish male and female brains. Our stDN...
• Multiscale Flow for robust and optimal cosmological analysis AI翻译
  作者：Dai, Biwei; Seljak, Uros
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：We propose Multiscale Flow, a generative Normalizing Flow that creates samples and models the field -level likelihood of two-dimensional cosmological data such as weak lensing. Multiscale Flow uses hierarchical decomposition of cosmological fields via a wavelet basis and then models different wavelet components separately as Normalizing Flows. The log -likelihood of the original cosmological field can be recovered by summing over the log -likelihood of each wavelet term. This decomposition all...
• A Turing test of whether AI chatbots are behaviorally similar to humans AI翻译
  作者：Mei, Qiaozhu; Xie, Yutong; Yuan, Walter; Jackson, Matthew O.
  作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Stanford University; The Santa Fe Institute
  摘要：We administer a Turing test to AI chatbots. We examine how chatbots behave in a suite of classic behavioral games that are designed to elicit characteristics such as trust, fairness, risk-aversion, cooperation, etc., as well as how they respond to a traditional Big5 psychological survey that measures personality traits. ChatGPT-4 exhibits behavioral and personality traits that are statistically indistinguishable from a random human from tens of thousands of human subjects from more than 50 cou...