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作者：Radmand, Afsane; Kim, Hyejin; Beyersdorf, Jared; Dobrowolski, Curtis N.; Zenhausern, Ryan; Paunovska, Kalina; Huayamares, Sebastian G.; Hua, Xuanwen; Han, Keyi; Loughrey, David; Hatit, Marine Z. C.; Del Cid, Ada; Ni, Huanzhen; Shajii, Aram; Li, Andrea; Muralidharan, Abinaya; Peck, Hannah E.; Tiegreen, Karen E.; Jia, Shu; Santangelo, Philip J.; Dahlman, James E.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; Emory University; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
摘要：Adding a cationic helper lipid to a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) can increase lung delivery and decrease liver delivery. However, it remains unclear whether charge- dependent tropism is universal or, alternatively, whether it depends on the component that is charged. Here, we report evidence that cationic cholesterol- dependent tropism can differ from cationic helper lipid- dependent tropism. By testing how 196 LNPs delivered mRNA to 22 cell types, we found that charged cholesterols led to a diffe...
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作者：Blanc, Florian E. C.; Hummer, Gerhard
作者单位：Max Planck Society; Goethe University Frankfurt
摘要：Proton-powered c -ring rotation in mitochondrial ATP synthase is crucial to convert the transmembrane protonmotive force into torque to drive the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Capitalizing on recent cryo-EM structures, we aim at a structural and energetic understanding of how functional directional rotation is achieved. We performed multi-microsecond atomistic simulations to determine the free energy profiles along the c -ring rotation angle before and after the arrival of a new p...
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作者：Colombi, Elena; Bertels, Frederic; Doulcier, Guilhem; McConnell, Ellen; Pichugina, Tatyana; Sohn, Kee Hoon; Straub, Christina; McCann, Honour C.; Rainey, Paul B.
作者单位：University of Melbourne; Max Planck Society; Universite PSL; Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Institute of Environmental Science & Research (ESR) - New Zealand; University of Vienna; Max Planck Society
摘要：Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are self- transmissible mobile elements that transfer functional genetic units across broad phylogenetic distances. Accessory genes shuttled by ICEs can make significant contributions to bacterial fitness. Most ICEs characterized to date encode readily observable phenotypes contributing to symbiosis, pathogenicity, and antimicrobial resistance, yet the majority of ICEs carry genes of unknown function. Recent observations of rapid acquisition of ICEs ...
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作者：Ogbunugafor, C. Brandon; Yitbarek, Senay
作者单位：Yale University; The Santa Fe Institute; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
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作者：Ravindran, Sandeep
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作者：Thaenert, Anna; Sevostyanova, Anastasia; Chung, Christina Z.; Vargas -Rodriguez, Oscar; Melnikov, Sergey, V; Soell, Dieter
作者单位：Yale University; Newcastle University - UK; Newcastle University - UK; Yale University; University of Connecticut
摘要：Ribosomes are often used in synthetic biology as a tool to produce desired proteins with enhanced properties or entirely new functions. However, repurposing ribosomes for producing designer proteins is challenging due to the limited number of engineering solutions available to alter the natural activity of these enzymes. In this study, we advance ribosome engineering by describing a novel strategy based on functional fusions of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) with messenger RNA (mRNA). Specifically, we c...
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作者：Yin, Rose; Melton, Samuel; Huseby, Eric S.; Kardar, Mehran; Chakraborty, Arup K.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Worcester; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Ragon Institute; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：T cells help orchestrate immune responses to pathogens, and their aberrant regulation can trigger autoimmunity. Recent studies highlight that a threshold number of T cells (a quorum) must be activated in a tissue to mount a functional immune response. These collective effects allow the T cell repertoire to respond to pathogens while suppressing autoimmunity due to circulating autoreactive T cells. Our computational studies show that increasing numbers of pathogenic peptides targeted by T cells...
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作者：Bayles, Aaron; Fabiano, Catherine J.; Shi, Chuqiao; Yuan, Lin; Yuan, Yigao; Craft, Nolan; Jacobson, Christian R.; Dhindsa, Parmeet; Ogundare, Adebola; Camacho, Yelsin Mendez; Chen, Banghao; Robatjazi, Hossein; Han, Yimo; Strouse, Geoffrey F.; Nordlander, Peter; Everit, Henry O.; Halas, Naomi J.
作者单位：Rice University; Rice University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; Rice University; Rice University; Rice University; Rice University
摘要：Aluminum nanocrystals (AlNCs) are of increasing interest as sustainable, earth- abundant nanoparticles for visible wavelength plasmonics and as versatile nanoantennas for energy- efficient plasmonic photocatalysis. Here, we show that annealing AlNCs under various gases and thermal conditions induces substantial, systematic changes in their surface oxide, modifying crystalline phase, surface morphology, density, and defect type and concentration. Tailoring the surface oxide properties enables A...
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作者：Moradi, Moslem; Shklyaev, Oleg E.; Balazs, Anna C.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：Enzymatic reactions in solution drive the convection of confined fluids throughout the enclosing chambers and thereby couple the processes of reaction and convection. In these systems, the energy released from the chemical reactions generates a force, which propels the fluids' spontaneous motion. Here, we use theoretical and computational modeling to determine how reaction-convection can be harnessed to tailor and control the dynamic behavior of soft matter immersed in solution. Our model syst...
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作者：Zhao, Wan; Zhang, Ke; Dong, Wan - Ying; Di Tang, Hao-; Sun, Jia - Qiang; Huang, Ji - Ye; Wan, Guang- Lun; Guan, Rui- Rui; Guo, Xiao- Tao; Cheng, Ping - Kai; Tao, Ran; Sun, Jing- Wu; Zhang, Zhi; Zhu, Xia
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Sichuan University; Anhui Medical University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS
摘要：Anxiety is a remarkably common condition among patients with pharyngitis, but the relationship between these disorders has received little research attention, and the underlying neural mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that the densely innervated pharynx transmits signals induced by pharyngeal inflammation to glossopharyngeal and vagal sensory neurons of the nodose/jugular/petrosal (NJP) superganglia in mice. Specifically, the NJP superganglia project to norepinephrinergic neurons in th...
