21期

最新文章

• A fungal protein organizes both glycogen and cell wall glucans AI翻译
  作者：Loza, Liza; Doering, Tamara L.
  作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL)
  摘要：Glycogen is a glucose storage molecule composed of branched alpha-1,4-glucan chains, best known as an energy reserve that can be broken down to fuel central metabolism. Because fungal cells have a specialized need for glucose in building cell wall glucans, we investigated whether glycogen is used for this process. For these studies, we focused on the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans , which causes similar to 150,000 deaths per year worldwide. We identified two proteins that influence f...
• Crop yields fail to rise in smallholder farming systems in sub- Saharan Africa AI翻译
  作者：Wollburg, Philip; Bentze, Thomas; Lu, Yuchen; Udry, Christopher; Gollin, Douglas
  作者单位：The World Bank; Wageningen University & Research; Rice University; Northwestern University; University of Oxford; Tufts University
  摘要：Drawing on a harmonized longitudinal dataset covering more than 55,000 smallholder farms in six African countries, we analyze changes in crop productivity from 2008 to 2019. Because smallholder farmers represent a significant fraction of the world's poorest people, agricultural productivity in this context matters for poverty reduction and for the broader achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Our analysis measures productivity trends for nationally representative samples of smal...
• Threshold current density for diffusion-controlled stability of electrolytic surface nanobubbles AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Yixin; Zhu, Xiaojue; Wood, Jeffery A.; Lohse, Detlef
  作者单位：University of Twente; University of Twente; Max Planck Society; University of Twente; Max Planck Society
  摘要：Understanding the stability mechanism of surface micro/nanobubbles adhered to gasevolving electrodes is essential for improving the efficiency of water electrolysis, which is known to be hindered by the bubble coverage on electrodes. Using molecular simulations, the diffusion -controlled evolution of single electrolytic nanobubbles on wettability-patterned nanoelectrodes is investigated. These nanoelectrodes feature hydrophobic islands as preferential nucleation sites and allow the growth of n...
• Hypothalamic vasopressin sex differentiation is observed by embryonic day 15 in mice and is disrupted by the xenoestrogen bisphenol A AI翻译
  作者：Zheng, Jing; Baimoukhametova, Dinara; Lebel, Catherine; Bains, Jaideep S.; Kurrasch, Deborah M.
  作者单位：University of Calgary; University of Calgary; University of Calgary; University of Calgary; University of Calgary
  摘要：Arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular region (AVP PVN ) mediate sex - biased social behaviors across most species, including mammals. In mice, neural sex differences are thought to be established during a critical window around birth ( embryonic (E) day 18 to postnatal (P) day 2) whereby circulating testosterone from the fetal testis is converted to estrogen in sex - dimorphic brain regions. Here, we found that AVP PVN neurons are sexually dimorphic by E15.5, p...
• Demographic models predict end-Pleistocene arrival and rapid expansion of pre-agropastoralist humans in Cyprus AI翻译
  作者：Bradshaw, Corey J. A.; Reepmeyer, Christian; Saltre, Frederik; Agapiou, Athos; Kassianidou, Vasiliki; Demesticha, Stella; Zomeni, Zomenia; Polidorou, Miltiadis; Moutsiou, Theodora
  作者单位：Flinders University South Australia; James Cook University; Cyprus University of Technology; University of Cyprus
  摘要：The antiquity of human dispersal into Mediterranean islands and ensuing coastal adaptation have remained largely unexplored due to the prevailing assumption that the sea was a barrier to movement and that islands were hostile environments to early hunter-gatherers [J. F. Cherry, T. P. Leppard, J. Isl. Coast. Archaeol. 13, 191-205 (2018), 10.1080/15564894.2016.1276489]. Using the latest archaeological data, hindcasted climate projections, and age-structured demographic models, we demonstrate ev...
• Can Generative AI improve social science? AI翻译
  作者：Bail, Christopher A.
  作者单位：Duke University; Duke University; Duke University
  摘要：Generative AI that can produce realistic text, images, and other human-like outputs is currently transforming many different industries. Yet it is not yet known how such tools might influence social science research. I argue Generative AI has the potential to improve survey research, online experiments, automated content analyses, agent-based models, and other techniques commonly used to study human behavior. In the second section of this article, I discuss the many limitations of Generative A...
• Requirements for the biogenesis of [2Fe-2S] proteins in the human and yeast cytosol AI翻译
  作者：Braymer, Joseph J.; Stehling, Oliver; Stuempfig, Martin; Roesser, Ralf; Spantgar, Farah; Blinn, Catharina M.; Muehlenhoff, Ulrich; Pierik, Antonio J.; Lill, Roland
  作者单位：Philipps University Marburg; Philipps University Marburg; Federal Institute for Materials Research & Testing
  摘要：The biogenesis of iron-sulfur (Fe/S) proteins entails the synthesis and trafficking of Fe/S clusters, followed by their insertion into target apoproteins. In eukaryotes, the multiple steps of biogenesis are accomplished by complex protein machineries in both mitochondria and cytosol. The underlying biochemical pathways have been elucidated over the past decades, yet the mechanisms of cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein assembly have remained ill-defined. Similarly, the precise site of glutathione (GSH)...
• MEK1 mutations confer resistance to MEK and B-RAF inhibition (vol 106, pg 20411, 2009) AI翻译
  作者：Emery, Caroline M.; Vijayendran, Krishna G.; Zipser, Marie C.; Sawyer, Allison M.; Niu, Lili; Kim, Jessica J.; Hatton, Charles; Chopra, Rajiv; Oberholzer, Patrick A.; Karpova, Maria B.; MacConaill, Laura E.; Zhang, Jianming; Gray, Nathanael S.; Sellers, William R.; Dummer, Reinhard; Garraway, Levi A.
• Solvent constraints for biopolymer folding and evolution in extraterrestrial environments AI翻译
  作者：Sanchez, Ignacio E.; Galpern, Ezequiel A.; Ferreiro, Diego U.
  作者单位：University of Buenos Aires; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)
  摘要：We propose that spontaneous folding and molecular evolution of biopolymers are two universal aspects that must concur for life to happen. These aspects are fundamentally related to the chemical composition of biopolymers and crucially depend on the solvent in which they are embedded. We show that molecular information theory and energy landscape theory allow us to explore the limits that solvents impose on biopolymer existence. We consider 54 solvents, including water, alcohols, hydrocarbons, ...
• Declining Chinese attitudes toward the United States amid COVID-19 AI翻译
  作者：Xie, Yu; Yang, Feng; Huang, Junming; He, Yuchen; Zhou, Yi; Qian, Yue; Cai, Weicheng; Zhou, Jie
  作者单位：Princeton University; Peking University; University of British Columbia; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Psychology, CAS
  摘要：In this paper, we present findings from four separate studies using different data sources and methods to examine Chinese attitudes toward the United States amid the COVID - 19 pandemic. The empirical results consistently indicate a marked and significant decline in Chinese attitudes toward the US between late 2019 and the end of 2022. Using a quasi - experimental design and granular survey data that exploit daily variations in public opinion, we offer additional evidence that the decline in C...