22期

最新文章

• Widespread seawater intrusions beneath the grounded ice of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica AI翻译
  作者：Rignot, Eric; Ciraci, Enrico; Scheuchl, Bernd; Tolpekin, Valentyn; Wollersheim, Michael; Dow, Christine
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); California Institute of Technology; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of Waterloo
  摘要：Warm water from the Southern Ocean has a dominant impact on the evolution of Antarctic glaciers and in turn on their contribution to sea level rise. Using a continuous time series of daily -repeat satellite synthetic -aperture radar interferometry data from the ICEYE constellation collected in March-June 2023, we document an ice grounding zone, or region of tidally controlled migration of the transition boundary between grounded ice and ice afloat in the ocean, at the main trunk of Thwaites Gl...
• A network model to predict ionic transport in porous materials AI翻译
  作者：Henrique, Filipe; Zuk, Pawel J.; Gupta, Ankur
  作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Polish Academy of Sciences; Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Lancaster University
  摘要：Understanding the dynamics of electric-double-layer (EDL) charging in porous media is essential for advancements in next-generation energy storage devices. Due to the high computational demands of direct numerical simulations and a lack of interfacial boundary conditions for reduced-order models, the current understanding of EDL charging is limited to simple geometries. Here, we present a network model to without restrictions on EDL thickness and pore radii. We demonstrate that electrolyte tra...
• SUMO- specific protease 1 regulates germinal center B cell response through deSUMOylation of PAX5 AI翻译
  作者：Qi, Jingjing; Yan, Lichong; Sun, Jiping; Huang, Chuanxin; Su, Bing; Cheng, Jinke; Shen, Lei
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
  摘要：Humoral immunity depends on the germinal center (GC) reaction where B cells are tightly controlled for class - switch recombination and somatic hypermutation and finally generated into plasma and memory B cells. However, how protein SUMOylation regulates the process of the GC reaction remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the expression of SUMO - specific protease 1 (SENP1) is up - regulated in GC B cells. Selective ablation of SENP1 in GC B cells results in impaired GC dark and light zo...
• The modern human aryl hydrocarbon receptor is more active when ancestralized by genome editing AI翻译
  作者：Helmbrecht, Nelly; Lackner, Martin; Maricic, Tomislav; Paeaebo, Svante
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; Okinawa Institute of Science & Technology Graduate University
  摘要：The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a transcription factor that has many functions in mammals. Its best known function is that it binds aromatic hydrocarbons and induces the expression of cytochrome P450 genes, which encode enzymes that metabolize aromatic hydrocarbons and other substrates. All present - day humans carry an amino acid substitution at position 381 in the AHR that occurred after the divergence of modern humans from Neandertals and Denisovans. Previous studies that have expres...
• Tweaking the NRF2 signaling cascade in human myelogenous leukemia cells by artificial nanoorganelles AI翻译
  作者：Wolf, Konstantin M. P.; Maffeis, Viviana; Schoenenberger, Cora Ann; Zuend, Tamara; Bar-Peled, Liron; Palivan, Cornelia G.; Vogel, Viola
  作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Basel; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital
  摘要：NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid - 2 - related factor 2) is a key regulator of genes involved in the cell's protective response to oxidative stress. Upon activation by disturbed redox homeostasis, NRF2 promotes the expression of metabolic enzymes to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cell internalization of peroxisome - like artificial organelles that harbor redox - regulating enzymes was previously shown to reduce ROS - induced stress and thus cell death. However, if and to which extent R...
• Ketamine can produce oscillatory dynamics by engaging mechanisms dependent on the kinetics of NMDA receptors AI翻译
  作者：Adam, Elie; Kowalski, Marek; Akeju, Oluwaseun; Miller, Earl K.; Brown, Emery N.; McCarthy, Michelle M.; Kopell, Nancy
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston University; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
  摘要：Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor antagonist that produces sedation, analgesia, and dissociation at low doses and profound unconsciousness with antinociception at high doses. At high and low doses, ketamine can generate gamma oscillations ( > 25 Hz) in the electroencephalogram (EEG). The gamma oscillations are interrupted by slow -delta oscillations (0.1 to 4 Hz) at high doses. Ketamine's primary molecular targets and its oscillatory dynamics have been characterized. However,...
• Dual role of the peptide- loading complex as proofreader and limiter of MHC- I presentation AI翻译
  作者：Brunnberg, Jamina; Barends, Martina; Fruehschulz, Stefan; Winter, Christian; Battin, Claire; de Wet, Ben; Cole, David K.; Steinberger, Peter; Tampe, Robert
  作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt; Medical University of Vienna
  摘要：Antigen presentation via major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC- I) molecules is essential for surveillance by the adaptive immune system. Central to this process is the peptide- loading complex (PLC), which translocates peptides from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum and catalyzes peptide loading and proofreading of peptide- MHC- I (pMHC- I) complexes. Despite its importance, the impact of individual PLC components on the presented pMHC- I complexes is still insufficiently under...
• Controlled pathways and sequential information processing in serially coupled mechanical hysterons AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Jingran; Teunisse, Margot; Korovin, George; Vermaire, Ivo R.; Jin, Lishuai; Bense, Hadrien; van Hecke, Martin
  作者单位：Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Xi'an Jiaotong University; AMOLF; Universite Libre de Bruxelles
  摘要：The complex sequential response of frustrated materials results from the interactions between material bits called hysterons. Hence, a central challenge is to understand and control these interactions, so that materials with targeted pathways and functionalities can be realized. Here, we show that hysterons in serial configurations experience geometrically controllable antiferromagnetic-like interactions. We create hysteronbased metamaterials that leverage these interactions to realize targete...
• Zoom out: An intervention on the virtual learning environment improves minority students' grades in two field experiments in Israel AI翻译
  作者：Endevelt, Kinneret; Halperin, Eran; Porat, Roni
  作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
  摘要：Closing the achievement gap for minority students in higher education requires addressing the lack of belonging these students experience. This paper introduces a psychological intervention that strategically targets key elements within the learning environment to foster the success of minority students. The intervention sought to enhance Palestinian minority student's sense of belonging by increasing the presence of their native language. We tested the effectiveness of the intervention in two...
• Deposited footprints let cells switch between confined, oscillatory, and exploratory migration AI翻译
  作者：Ipina, Emiliano Perez; d'Alessandro, Joseph; Ladoux, Benoit; Camley, Brian A.
  作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Cite; Johns Hopkins University
  摘要：For eukaryotic cells to heal wounds, respond to immune signals, or metastasize, they must migrate, often by adhering to extracellular matrix (ECM). Cells may also deposit ECM components, leaving behind a footprint that influences their crawling. Recent experiments showed that some epithelial cell lines on micropatterned adhesive stripes move persistently in regions they have previously crawled over, where footprints have been formed, but barely advance into unexplored regions, creating an osci...