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作者：Moore, Jason J.; Genkin, Alexander; Tournoy, Magnus; Pughe-Sanford, Joshua L.; van Steveninck, Rob R. de Ruyter; Chklovskii, Dmitri B.
作者单位：New York University; Simons Foundation; Flatiron Institute; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
摘要：In the quest to model neuronal function amid gaps in physiological data, a promising strategy is to develop a normative theory that interprets neuronal physiology as optimizing a computational objective. This study extends current normative models, which primarily optimize prediction, by conceptualizing neurons as optimal feedback controllers. We posit that neurons, especially those beyond early sensory areas, steer their environment toward a specific desired state through their output. This e...
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作者：Pathak, Anand; Menon, Shakti N.; Sinha, Sitabhra
作者单位：Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc) India; Homi Bhabha National Institute
摘要：Networks involved in information processing often have their nodes arranged hierarchically, with the majority of connections occurring in adjacent levels. However, despite being an intuitively appealing concept, the hierarchical organization of large networks, such as those in the brain, is difficult to identify, especially in absence of additional information beyond that provided by the connectome. In this paper, we propose a framework to uncover the hierarchical structure of a given network,...
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作者：Held, Richard G.; Liang, Jiahao; Brunger, Axel T.
作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
摘要：The spatial distribution of proteins and their arrangement within the cellular ultrastructure regulates the opening of alpha- amino - 3 - hydroxy - 5 - methyl - 4 - isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in response to glutamate release at the synapse. Fluorescence microscopy imaging revealed that the postsynaptic density (PSD) and scaffolding proteins in the presynaptic active zone (AZ) align across the synapse to form a trans - synaptic nanocolumn, but the relation to synaptic vesicle rele...
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作者：Kawatsu, Kazutaka
作者单位：Tohoku University
摘要：Indeterminacy of ecological networks-the unpredictability of ecosystem responses to persistent perturbations-is an emergent property of indirect effects a species has on another through interaction chains. Thus, numerous indirect pathways in large, complex ecological communities could make forecasting the long - term outcomes of environmental changes challenging. However, a comprehensive understanding of ecological structures causing indeterminacy has not yet been reached. Here, using random m...
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作者：Shaik, Vaseem A.; Elfring, Gwynn J.
作者单位：University of British Columbia
摘要：Organisms often swim through density-stratified fluids. Here, we investigate the to swim parallel to gradients and hence display (positive or negative) densitaxis, while swimmers that propel by generating thrust in the back (pushers) rotate to swim normal to the gradients. This work could be useful to understand the motion of marine organisms in ocean or be leveraged to sort or organize a suspension of active particles by modulating density gradients.
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作者：Chu, Alexander E.; Kim, Jinho; Cheng, Lucy; El Nesr, Gina; Xu, Minkai; Shuai, Richard W.; Huang, Po-Ssu
作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Alphabet Inc.; DeepMind; Google Incorporated
摘要：Proteins mediate their functions through chemical interactions; modeling these interactions, which are typically through sidechains, is an important need in protein design. However, constructing an all-atom generative model requires an appropriate scheme for managing the jointly continuous and discrete nature of proteins encoded in the structure and sequence. We describe an all-atom diffusion model of protein structure, Protpardelle, which represents all sidechain states at once as a superposi...
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作者：Dugoua, Eugenie; Dumas, Marion
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Significant progress reconciling economic activities with a stable climate requires radical and rapid technological change in multiple sectors. Here, we study the case of the automotive industry's transition to electric vehicles, which involved choosing between two different technologies: fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) or battery electric vehicles (BEVs). We know very little about the role that such technological uncertainty plays in shaping the strategies of firms, the efficacy of techno...
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作者：Luo, Shufeng; Lin, Huiling; Wu, Chong; Zhu, Lan; Hua, Qiaomin; Wang, Lu; Fan, Xiaoli; Zhao, Kai-Bo; Liu, Gaoteng; Wang, Yuting; Chen, Hai-Tian; Xu, Li; Zheng, Limin
作者单位：Sun Yat Sen University; State Key Lab Oncology South China; Sun Yat Sen University; Sun Yat Sen University
摘要：The non- neural cholinergic system plays a critical role in regulating immune equilibrium and tissue homeostasis. While the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme catalyzing acetylcholine biosynthesis, has been well documented in lymphocytes, its role in the myeloid compartment is less understood. Here, we identify a significant population of macrophages (M(I)s) expressing ChAT and synthesizing acetylcholine in the resolution phase of acute peritonitis. Using Chat- GFP repo...
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作者：Viegas, Jennifer
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作者：Mashayek, Ali; Gula, Jonathan; Baker, Lois E.; Garabato, Alberto C. Naveira; Cimoli, Laura; Riley, James J.; de Lavergne, Casimir
作者单位：University of Cambridge; Ifremer; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite de Bretagne Occidentale; Institut Universitaire Europeen de la Mer (IUEM); Institut Universitaire de France; University of Edinburgh; University of Southampton; University of Cambridge; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Sorbonne Universite; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN)
摘要：Turbulent mixing in the ocean exerts an important control on the rate and structure of the overturning circulation. However, the balance of processes underpinning this mixing is subject to significant uncertainties, limiting our understanding of the overturning's deep upwelling limb. Here, we investigate the hitherto primarily neglected role of tens of thousands of seamounts in sustaining deep -ocean upwelling. Dynamical theory indicates that seamounts may stir and mix deep waters by generatin...
