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作者：Levine, Herbert; Tu, Yuhai
作者单位：Northeastern University; International Business Machines (IBM); IBM USA
摘要：This article introduces a special issue on the interaction and ongoing research in physics. The first half of the papers in this issue deals with the question, what can machine learning do for physics? The second part asks the reverse, what can physics do for machine learning? As we will see, both of these directions are being vigorously pursued. Physics is, of course, a very broad discipline, and almost every part of it has been exploring the possible use of machine learning (ML). We obviousl...
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作者：Schnell, Eric; Muthukrishna, Michael
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
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作者：Wang, Zhi Jian; Lin, Ji; Nakajima, Tasuku; Gong, Jian Ping
作者单位：Hokkaido University; Hokkaido University; Ningbo University; Hokkaido University
摘要：Morphogenesis is one of the most marvelous natural phenomena. The morphological characteristics of biological organs develop through growth, which is often triggered by mechanical force. In this study, we propose a bioinspired strategy for hydrogel morphogenesis through force - controlled chemical reaction and growth under isothermal conditions. We adopted a double network (DN) hydrogel with sacrificial bonds. Applying mechanical force to the gel caused deformation and sacrificial bond rupture...
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作者：Kunkle, Dillon E.; Cai, Yujuan; Eichman, Brandt F.; Skaar, Eric P.
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University
摘要：Maintenance of DNA integrity is essential to all forms of life. DNA damage generated by reaction with genotoxic chemicals results in deleterious mutations, genome instability, and cell death. Pathogenic bacteria encounter several genotoxic agents during infection. In keeping with this, the loss of DNA repair networks results in virulence attenuation in several bacterial species. Interstrand DNA crosslinks (ICLs) are a type of DNA lesion formed by covalent linkage of opposing DNA strands and ar...
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作者：Gross, Jorg; Meder, Zsombor Z.; Romano, Angelo; De Dreu, Carsten K. W.
作者单位：University of Zurich; University of Groningen; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Leiden University; University of Groningen; Leibniz Association; Deutsches Primatenzentrum (DPZ)
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作者：Bar-Hillel, Maya
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
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作者：Eleftheraki, Athina; Holmqvist, Erik
作者单位：Uppsala University; Uppsala University
摘要：Type I toxin-antitoxin systems (T1TAs) are bipartite bacterial loci encoding a growth- inhibitory toxin and an antitoxin small RNA (sRNA). In many of these systems, the transcribed toxin mRNA is translationally inactive, but becomes translation- competent upon ribonucleolytic processing. The antitoxin sRNA targets the processed mRNA to inhibit its translation. This two-level control mechanism prevents cotranscriptional translation of the toxin and allows its synthesis only when the antitoxin i...
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作者：King, Ella M.; Du, Chrisy Xiyu; Zhu, Qian-Ze; Schoenholz, Samuel S.; Brenner, Michael P.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; Alphabet Inc.; Google Incorporated; OpenAI; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa
摘要：Direct design of complex functional materials would revolutionize technologies ranging from printable organs to novel clean energy devices. However, even incremental steps toward designing functional materials have proven challenging. If the material is constructed from highly complex components, the design space of materials properties rapidly becomes too computationally expensive to search. On the other hand, very simple components such as uniform spherical particles are not powerful enough ...
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作者：Park, Hyun; Patel, Parth; Haas, Roland; Levine, Herbert
作者单位：United States Department of Energy (DOE); Argonne National Laboratory; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Chicago; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：The prediction of protein 3D structure from amino acid sequence is a computational grand challenge in biophysics and plays a key role in robust protein structure prediction algorithms, from drug discovery to genome interpretation. The advent of AI models, such as AlphaFold, is revolutionizing applications that depend on robust protein structure prediction algorithms. To maximize the impact, and ease the usability, of these AI tools we introduce APACE, AlphaFold2 and advanced computing as a ser...
