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作者：Lee, Jennifer; Wellenstein, Kerry; Rahnavard, Ali; Nelson, Andrew T.; Holter, Marlena M.; Cummings, Bethany P.; Yeliseyev, Vladimir; Castoldi, Angela; Clish, Clary B.; Bry, Lynn; Siegel, Dionicio; Kahn, Barbara B.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; George Washington University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Cornell University; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Tufts University
摘要：Dietary lipids play an essential role in regulating the function of the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal tract, and these luminal interactions contribute to mediating host metabolism. Palmitic Acid Hydroxy Stearic Acids (PAHSAs) are a family of lipids with antidiabetic and anti- inflammatory properties, but whether the gut microbiota contributes to their beneficial effects on host metabolism is unknown. Here, we report that treating chow- fed female and male germ- free (GF) mice with PAHSAs...
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作者：Palomar, V. Miguel; Cho, Yoonjin; Fujii, Sho; Jaksich, Sarah; Min, Ji-Hee; Schlachter, Adriana N.; Wang, Joyful; Liu, Zhengde; Wierzbicki, Andrzej T.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Kyoto University; Hirosaki University
摘要：DNA is organized into chromatin- like structures that support the maintenance and regulation of genomes. A unique and poorly understood form of DNA organization exists in chloroplasts, which are organelles of endosymbiotic origin responsible for photosynthesis. Chloroplast genomes, together with associated proteins, form membrane- less structures known as nucleoids. The internal arrangement of the nucleoid, molecular mechanisms of DNA organization, and connections between nucleoid structure an...
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作者：Perico, Chiara; Zaidem, Maricris; Sedelnikova, Olga; Bhattacharya, Samik; Korfhage, Christian; Langdale, Jane A.
作者单位：University of Oxford; Syngenta
摘要：Leaves of flowering plants are characterized by diverse venation patterns. Patterning begins with the selection of vein- forming procambial initial cells from within the ground meristem of a developing leaf, a process which is considered to be auxin- dependent, and continues until veins are anatomically differentiated with functional xylem and phloem. At present, the mechanisms responsible for leaf venation patterning are primarily characterized in the model eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana which ...
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作者：Galpern, Ezequiel A.; Jaafari, Nana; Bueno, Carlos; Wolynes, Peter G.; Ferreiro, Diego U.
作者单位：University of Buenos Aires; University of Buenos Aires; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); Rice University; Rice University; Rice University; Rice University
摘要：Protein folding and evolution are intimately linked phenomena. Here, we revisit the concept of exons as potential protein folding modules across a set of 38 abundant and conserved protein families. Taking advantage of genomic exon-intron organization and extensive protein sequence data, we explore exon boundary conservation and assess the foldon-like behavior of exons using energy landscape theoretic measurements. We found deviations in the exon size distribution from exponential decay indicat...
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作者：Zheng, Wanshan; Zhang, Yue; Xu, Peiqun; Wang, Zexin; Shao, Xuan; Chen, Chunyan; Cai, Han; Wang, Yinan; Sun, Ming-an; Deng, Wenbo; Liu, Fan; Lu, Jinhua; Zhang, Xueqin; Cheng, Dunjin; Mysorekar, Indira U.; Wang, Haibin; Wang, Yan- Ling; Hu, Xiaoqian; Cao, Bin
作者单位：Xiamen University; Xiamen University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine; Yangzhou University; Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Medical University; Baylor College of Medicine; Baylor College of Medicine
摘要：Nutrient sensing and adaptation in the placenta are essential for pregnancy viability and proper fetal growth. Our recent study demonstrated that the placenta adapts to nutrient insufficiency through mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition- mediated trophoblast differentiation toward syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs), a highly specialized multinucleated trophoblast subtype mediating extensive maternal-fetal interactions. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we unravel t...
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作者：Choi, Garam; Ju, Hye-Yeon; Bok, Jahyun; Choi, Jungseo; Shin, Jae Woo; Oh, Hansol; Jeon, Yeojin; Kim, Jiyeon; Kim, Daehong; Moon, Heesu; Lee, Jeong-Eun; Keum, Young-Sam; Kim, You-Me; Kim, Hye Young; Park, Sung Ho; Han, Mi-Ryung; Chung, Yeonseok
作者单位：Seoul National University (SNU); Incheon National University; Seoul National University (SNU); Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST); Dongguk University; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST)
摘要：Upon encountering allergens, CD4 + T cells differentiate into IL- 4- producing Th2 cells in lymph nodes, which later transform into polyfunctional Th2 cells producing IL- 5 and IL- 13 in inflamed tissues. However, the precise mechanism underlying their polyfunctionality remains elusive. In this study, we elucidate the pivotal role of NRF2 in polyfunctional Th2 cells in murine models of allergic asthma and in human Th2 cells. We found that an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in immune ...
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作者：Fang, Hui; Thakur, Anupma; Zahmatkeshsaredorahi, Amirhossein; Fang, Zhenyao; Rad, Vahid; Shamsabadi, Ahmad A.; Pereyra, Claudia; Soroush, Masoud; Rappe, Andrew M.; Xu, Xiaoji G.; Anasori, Babak; Fakhraai, Zahra
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University in Indianapolis; Indiana University System; Indiana University Indianapolis; Lehigh University; Drexel University; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University in Indianapolis
摘要：MXenes have demonstrated potential for various applications owing to their tunable surface chemistry and metallic conductivity. However, high temperatures can accelerate MXene film oxidation in air. Understanding the mechanisms of MXene oxidation at elevated temperatures, which is still limited, is critical in improving their thermal stability for high-temperature applications. Here, we demonstrate that Ti3C2Tx MXene monoflakes have exceptional thermal stability at temperatures up to 600 degre...
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作者：Noto, Daisuke; Letelier, Juvenal A.; Ulloa, Hugo N.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Universidad de Chile
摘要：Despite the ubiquity of thermal convection in nature and artificial systems, we still lack a unified formulation that integrates the system's geometry, fluid properties, and thermal forcing to characterize the transition from free to confined convective regimes. The latter is broadly relevant to understanding how convection transports energy and drives mixing across a wide range of environments, such as planetary atmospheres/oceans and hydrothermal flows through fractures, as well as engineeri...
