28期

最新文章

• A familiar face and person processing area in the human temporal pole AI翻译
  作者：Deen, Ben; Husain, Gazi; Freiwald, Winrich A.
  作者单位：Tulane University; Tulane University; Rockefeller University; City University of New York (CUNY) System; Hunter College (CUNY)
  摘要：How does the brain process the faces of familiar people? Neuropsychological studies have argued for an area of the temporal pole (TP) linking faces with person identities, but magnetic susceptibility artifacts in this region have hampered its study with fMRI. Using data acquisition and analysis methods optimized to overcome this artifact, we identify a familiar face response in TP, reliably observed in individual brains. This area responds strongly to visual images of familiar faces over unfam...
• Parkinson's- linked LRRK2-G2019S derails AMPAR trafficking, mobility, and composition in striatum with cell- type and subunit specificity AI翻译
  作者：Gupta, Swati; Tielemans, Alexander; Guevara, Christopher A.; Huntley, George W.; Benson, Deanna L.; Mason, Carol A.
  作者单位：Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
  摘要：Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disease that affects multiple brain systems and circuits. While defined by motor symptoms caused by degeneration of brainstem dopamine neurons, debilitating non- motor abnormalities in fronto- striatal- based cognitive function are common, appear early, and are initially independent of dopamine. Young adult mice expressing the PD- associated G2019S missense mutation in Lrrk2 also exhibit deficits in fronto- striatal- based cognitive tasks. In mice a...
• Machine learning without a processor: Emergent learning in a nonlinear analog network AI翻译
  作者：Dillavou, Sam; Beyer, Benjamin D.; Stern, Menachem; Liu, Andrea J.; Miskin, Marc Z.; Durian, Douglas J.
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Simons Foundation; Flatiron Institute; University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：Standard deep learning algorithms require differentiating large nonlinear networks, a process that is slow and power-hungry. Electronic contrastive local learning networks (CLLNs) offer potentially fast, efficient, and fault-tolerant hardware for analog machine learning, but existing implementations are linear, severely limiting their capabilities. These systems differ significantly from artificial neural networks as well as the brain, so the feasibility and utility of incorporating nonlinear ...
• The choroid plexus maintains adult brain ventricles and subventricular zone neuroblast pool, which facilitates poststroke neurogenesis AI翻译
  作者：Taranov, Aleksandr; Bedolla, Alicia; Iwasawa, Eri; Brown, Farrah N.; Baumgartner, Sarah; Fugate, Elizabeth M.; Levoy, Joel; Crone, Steven A.; Goto, June; Luo, Yu
  作者单位：University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati
  摘要：The brain's neuroreparative capacity after injuries such as ischemic stroke is partly contained in the brain's neurogenic niches, primarily the subventricular zone (SVZ), which lies in close contact with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced by the choroid plexus (ChP). Despite the wide range of their proposed functions, the ChP/CSF remain among the most understudied compartments of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we report a mouse genetic tool (the ROSA26iDTR mouse line) for noninvas...
• Fluid inertia controls mineral precipitation and clogging in pore to network- scale flows AI翻译
  作者：Yang, Weipeng; Chen, Michael A.; Lee, Sang Hyun; Kang, Peter K.
  作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
  摘要：Mineral precipitation caused by fluid mixing presents complex control and predictability challenges in a variety of natural and engineering processes, including carbon mineralization, geothermal energy, and microfluidics. Precipitation dynamics, particularly under the influence of fluid flow, remain poorly understood. Combining microfluidic experiments and three- dimensional reactive transport simulations, we demonstrate that fluid inertia controls mineral precipitation and clogging at flow in...
• Global impacts of an extreme solar particle event under different geomagnetic field strengths AI翻译
  作者：Arsenovic, Pavle; Rozanov, Eugene; Usoskin, Ilya; Turney, Chris; Sukhodolov, Timofei; Mccracken, Ken; Friedel, Marina; Anet, Julien; Simic, Stana; Maliniemi, Ville; Egorova, Tatiana; Korte, Monika; Rieder, Harald; Cooper, Alan; Peter, Thomas
  作者单位：BOKU University; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Saint Petersburg State University; University of Oulu; University of Technology Sydney; Federal Office of Meteorology & Climatology (MeteoSwiss); University of Oulu; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences; Charles Sturt University; Leipzig University
  摘要：Solar particle events (SPEs) are short- lived bursts of high- energy particles from the solar atmosphere and are widely recognized as posing significant economic risks to modern society. Most SPEs are relatively weak and have minor impacts on the Earth's environment, but historic records contain much stronger SPEs which have the potential to alter atmospheric chemistry, impacting climate and biological life. The impacts of such strong SPEs would be far more severe when the Earth's protective g...
• Substrate stress relaxation regulates neural stem cell fate commitment AI翻译
  作者：Qiao, Eric; Fulmore, Camille A.; Schaffer, David V.; Kumar, Sanjay
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California San Francisco
  摘要：Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and their capacity to generate neurons and glia plays a role in learning and memory. In addition, neurodegenerative diseases are known to be caused by a loss of neurons and glial cells, resulting in a need to better understand stem cell fate commitment processes. We previously showed that NSC fate commitment toward a neuronal or glial lineage is strongly influenced by extracellular matrix stiffness, a property of el...
• Nanoparticle- assisted tubulin assembly is environment dependent AI翻译
  作者：Unnikrishnan, Mahima; Wang, Yuhan; Gruebele, Martin; Murphy, Catherine J.
  作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
  摘要：Nanomaterials acquire a biomolecular corona upon introduction to biological media, leading to biological transformations such as changes in protein function, unmasking of epitopes, and protein fibrilization. Ex vivo studies to investigate the effect of nanoparticles on protein-protein interactions are typically performed in buffer and are rarely measured quantitatively in live cells. Here, we measure the differential effect of silica nanoparticles on protein association in vitro vs. in mammali...
• A multi- iron enzyme installs copper- binding oxazolone/ thioamide pairs on a nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae virulence factor AI翻译
  作者：Manley, Olivia M.; Shriver, Tucker J.; Xu, Tian; Melendrez, Isaac A.; Palacios, Philip; Robson, Scott A.; Guo, Yisong; Kelleher, Neil L.; Ziarek, Joshua J.; Rosenzweig, Amy C.
  作者单位：Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; Carnegie Mellon University
  摘要：The multinuclear nonheme iron- dependent oxidases (MNIOs) are a rapidly growing family of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of ribosomally synthesized, posttranslationally modified peptide natural products (RiPPs). Recently, a secreted virulence factor from nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) was found to be expressed from an operon, which we designate the hvf operon, that also encodes an MNIO. Here, we show by M & ouml;ssbauer spectroscopy that the MNIO HvfB contains a triiron cofact...
• Motorized chain models of the ideal chromosome AI翻译
  作者：Cao, Zhiyu; Wolynes, Peter G.
  作者单位：Rice University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Rice University; Rice University
  摘要：An array of motor proteins consumes chemical energy in setting up the architectures of chromosomes. Here, we explore how the structure of ideal polymer chains is influenced by two classes of motors. The first class which we call swimming motors acts to propel the chromatin fiber through three-dimensional space. They represent a caricature of motors such as RNA polymerases. Previously, they have often been described by adding a persistent flow onto Brownian diffusion of the chain. The second cl...