作者：Joyce, Theodore
作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; Baruch College (CUNY); National Bureau of Economic Research; City University of New York (CUNY) System; Baruch College (CUNY)
作者：Mathis, Diane
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
摘要：The 2024 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award was attributed to Zhijian (James) Chen for the discovery of the cGAS enzyme that senses foreign and self DNA, solving the mystery of how DNA stimulates immune and inflammatory responses. Bringing to bear an ingenious in vitro complementation system, an astute insight, and superlative biochemistry, Chen and colleagues identified cGAS (cGAMP synthase) as both the molecule that perceives cytosolic DNA in infected, stressed, or dying cells and th...
作者：Doucot, Benoit; Kovrizhin, Dmitry; Moessner, Roderich
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Sorbonne Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CY Cergy Paris Universite; Max Planck Society
摘要：The discovery of the quantum Hall effect has established the foundation of the field of topological condensed matter physics. An amazingly accurate quantization of the Hall conductance, now enshrined in quantum metrology, is stable against any reasonable perturbation due to its topological protection. Conversely, the latter implies a form of censorship by concealing any local information from the observer. The spatial distribution of the current in a quantum Hall system is such a piece of info...
作者：Fernandez, Rafael P.; Berna, Lucas; Tomazzeli, Orlando G.; Mahajan, Anoop S.; Li, Qinyi; Kinnison, Douglas E.; Wang, Siyuan; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Tilmes, Simone; Skov, Henrik; Cuevas, Carlos A.; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso
作者单位：Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Instituto de Quimica Fisica Blas Cabrera (IQF-CSIC); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); University Nacional Cuyo Mendoza; Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) - India; Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM); Centre for Climate Change Research - India; Shandong University; National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) - USA; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; Aarhus University
摘要：While the dominant role of halogens in Arctic ozone loss during spring has been widely studied in the last decades, the impact of sea-ice halogens on surface ozone abundance over the northern hemisphere (NH) mid-latitudes remains unquantified. Here, we use a state-of-the-art global chemistry-climate model including polar halogens (Cl, Br, and I), which reproduces Arctic ozone seasonality, to show that Arctic sea-ice halogens reduce surface ozone in the NH mid-latitudes (47 degrees N to 60 degr...
