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作者：Zhang, Hao; Wang, Xin; Qu, Meng; Yu, Haiyan; Yin, Jianping; Liu, Xiaochuan; Liu, Yuhong; Zhang, Bo; Zhang, Yanhong; Wei, Zhangliang; Yang, Fangfang; Wang, Jingtian; Shi, Chengcheng; Fan, Guangyi; Sun, Jun; Long, Lijuan; Hutchins, David A.; Bowler, Chris; Lin, Senjie; Wang, Dazhi; Lin, Qiang
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, CAS; Xiamen University; Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI); China University of Geosciences; University of Southern California; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of Connecticut; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
摘要：Algae mostly occur either as unicellular (microalgae) or multicellular (macroalgae) species, both being uninucleate. There are important exceptions, however, as some unicellular algae are multinucleate and macroscopic, some of which inhabit tropical seas and contribute to biocalcification and coral reef robustness. The evolutionary mechanisms and ecological significance of multinucleation and associated traits (e.g., rapid wound healing) are poorly understood. Here, we report the genome of Hal...
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作者：Seah, Brandon K. B.; Singh, Aditi; Vetter, David E.; Emmerich, Christiane; Peters, Moritz; Soltys, Volker; Huettel, Bruno; Swart, Estienne C.
作者单位：Max Planck Society; Johann Heinrich von Thunen Institute; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; Max Planck Society
摘要：Most eukaryotes have one nucleus and nuclear genome per cell. Ciliates have instead evolved distinct nuclei that coexist in each cell: a silent germline vs. transcriptionally active somatic nuclei. In the best- studied model species, both nuclei can divide asexually, but only germline nuclei undergo meiosis and karyogamy during sex. Thereafter, thousands of DNA segments, called internally eliminated sequences (IESs), are excised from copies of the germline genomes to produce the streamlined so...
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作者：Wang, Ting - Ching; Sawhney, Suchitaa; Morgan, Daylin; Bennett, Richard L.; Rashmi, Richa; Estecio, Marcos R.; Brock, Amy; Singh, Irtisha; Baer, Charles F.; Licht, Jonathan D.; Lele, Tanmay P.
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; University of Texas System; UTMD Anderson Cancer Center; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Texas A&M University System
摘要：The progression of many solid tumors is accompanied by temporal and spatial changes in the stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cancer cells adapt to soft and stiff ECM through mechanisms that are not fully understood. It is well known that there is significant genetic heterogeneity from cell to cell in tumors, but how ECM stiffness as a parameter might interact with that genetic variation is not known. Here, we employed experimental evolution to study the response of genetically varia...
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作者：Morimitsu, Yuma; Browne, Christopher A.; Liu, Zhe; Severino, Paul G.; Gopinadhan, Manesh; Sirota, Eric B.; Altintas, Ozcan; Edmond, Kazem V.; Osuji, Chinedum O.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Liquid-liquid phase separation, whereby two liquids spontaneously demix, is ubiquitous in industrial, environmental, and biological processes. While isotropic fluids are known to condense into spherical droplets in the binodal region, these dynamics are poorly understood for structured fluids. Here, we report the unique observation of condensate networks, which spontaneously assemble during the demixing of a mesogen from a solvent. Condensing mesogens form rapidly elongating filaments, rather ...
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作者：Oury, Julien; Gamallo-Lana, Begona; Santana, Leah; Steyaert, Christophe; Vergoossen, Dana L. E.; Mar, Adam C.; Vankerckhoven, Bernhardt; Silence, Karen; Vanhauwaert, Roeland; Huijbers, Maartje G.; Burden, Steven J.
作者单位：New York University; New York University; Leiden University; Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC); Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Leiden University; Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC); Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital
摘要：Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic and severe disease of the skeletal neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in which the effects of neurotransmitters are attenuated, leading to muscle weakness. In the most common forms of autoimmune MG, antibodies attack components of the postsynaptic membrane, including the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) or with the low- density lipoprotein- related receptor 4 (Lrp4) to form the signaling receptor for neuronal Agrin, a nerve- derived synaptic organizer. Pathogenic ant...
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作者：Davis, Tinsley H.; Karim, Quarraisha Abdool; Karim, Salim Abdool
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作者：Grunwald, Peter D.
作者单位：Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC
摘要：A standard practice in statistical hypothesis testing is to mention the P-value alongside the accept/reject decision. We show the advantages of mentioning an e-value instead. With P-values, it is not clear how to use an extreme observation (e.g. P << a ) for getting better frequentist decisions. With e-values it is straightforward, since they provide Type-I risk control in a generalized Neyman-Pearson setting with the decision task (a general loss function) determined post hoc, after observati...
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作者：Koduru, Tejaswi; Hantman, Noam; Peters, Edgar V.; Jaworek, Michel W.; Wang, Jinqiu; Zhang, Siwen; McCallum, Scott A.; Gillilan, Richard E.; Fossat, Martin J.; Roumestand, Christian; Sagar, Amin; Winter, Roland; Bernado, Pau; Cherfils, Jacqueline; Royer, Catherine A.
作者单位：Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Dortmund University of Technology; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Cornell University; Max Planck Society; Universite de Montpellier; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Saclay; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：The adenosine di- phosphate (ADP) ribosylation factor (Arf) small guanosine tri- phosphate (GTP)ases function as molecular switches to activate signaling cascades that control membrane organization in eukaryotic cells. In Arf1, the GDP/GTP switch does not occur spontaneously but requires guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and membranes. Exchange involves massive conformational changes, including disruption of the core (3- sheet. The mechanisms by which this energetically costly switch ...
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作者：Rodriguez, Peter; Kalia, Vrinda; Fenollar-Ferrer, Cristina; Gibson, Chelsea L.; Gichi, Zayna; Rajoo, Andre; Matier, Carson D.; Pezacki, Aidan T.; Xiao, Tong; Carvelli, Lucia; Chang, Christopher J.; Miller, Gary W.; V. Khamoui, Andy; Boerner, Jana; Blakely, Randy D.
作者单位：Columbia University; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Deafness & Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); State University System of Florida; Florida Atlantic University; Oak Ridge Associated Universities; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge Institute for Science & Education; State University System of Florida; Florida Atlantic University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Princeton University; State University System of Florida; Florida Atlantic University
摘要：Cuprous copper [Cu(I)] is an essential cofactor for enzymes that support many fundamental cellular functions including mitochondrial respiration and suppression of oxidative stress. Neurons are particularly reliant on mitochondrial production of ATP, with many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, associated with diminished mitochondrial function. The gene MBLAC1 encodes a ribonuclease that to reduce Cu(II) to Cu(I), and when mutated disrupt ATP production, elevates oxidat...
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作者：Borjas, George J.; VerBruggen, Robert
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The racial gap in infant mortality is a pressing public-health concern, and [B. N. Greenwood et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 21194-21200 (2020), 10.1073/pnas.1913405117] suggest that Black newborns are more likely to survive if cared for by Black physicians after birth, even in models that control for numerous variables, including hospital and physician fixed effects, and the 65 most common comorbidities affecting newborns (as described by International Classification of Disease cod...
