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作者：Subramanian, Sandya; Tseng, Bryan; del Carmen, Marcela; Goodman, Annekathryn; Dahl, Douglas M.; Barbieri, Riccardo; Brown, Emery N.
作者单位：Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Polytechnic University of Milan
摘要：Monitoring nociception, the flow of information associated with harmful stimuli through the nervous system even during unconsciousness, is critical for proper anesthesia care during surgery. Currently, this is done by tracking heart rate and blood pressure by eye. Monitoring objectively a patient's nociceptive state remains a challenge, causing drugs to often be over- or underdosed intraoperatively. Inefficient management of surgical nociception may lead to more complex postoperative pain mana...
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作者：Yamashita, Yu; Hayakawa, Harumi; Wang, Pushi; Makita, Tatsuyuki; Kumagai, Shohei; Watanabe, Shun; Takeya, Jun
作者单位：University of Tokyo; University of Tokyo; National Institute for Materials Science; Institute of Science Tokyo; Tokyo Institute of Technology
摘要：Thin-film devices that transduce the chemical activity of ions into electronic signals are essential components in various applications, including healthcare diagnostics and environmental monitoring. Combinations of organic semiconductors (OSCs) and ion- selective materials have been explored for developing solution-processable ion sensors. However, the necessity of reference electrodes (REs) and operational stability in ion- permeable OSCs have posed questions regarding whether reliable measu...
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作者：Chen, Ze- Ka; Quintanilla, Luis; Su, Yijing; Sheehy, Ryan N.; Simon, Jeremy M.; Luo, Yan-Jia; Li, Ya- Dong; Chen, Zhe; Asrican, Brent; Tart, Dalton S.; Farmer, W. Todd; Ming, Guo-Li; Song, Hongjun; Song, Juan
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
摘要：Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain play a crucial role in regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). However, the circuit and molecular mechanisms underlying cholinergic modulation of AHN, especially the initial stages of this process related to the generation of newborn progeny from quiescent radial neural stem cells (rNSCs), remain unclear. Here, we report that stimulation of the cholinergic circuits projected from the diagonal band of Broca (DB) to the dentate gyrus (DG) neuro...
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作者：Liu, Zhidong; Ypsilanti, Athena R.; Papadimitriou, Eirene Markenscoff-; Dickel, Diane E.; Sanders, Stephan J.; Dong, Shan; Pennacchio, Len A.; Visel, Axel; Rubenstein, John L.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Francisco; Cornell University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of Oxford; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Joint Genome Institute - JGI; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Merced
摘要：There is evidence that transcription factor (TF) encoding genes, which temporally control development in multiple cell types, can have tens of enhancers that regulate their expression. The NR2F1 TF developmentally promotes caudal and ventral cortical regional fates. Here, we epigenomically compared the activity of Nr2f1's enhancers during mouse cortical development with their activity in a transgenic assay. We identified at least six that are likely to be important in prenatal cortical develop...
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作者：Schwartz, Alexandra C.; Stein, Richard A.; Gil-Iturbe, Eva; Quick, Matthias; Mchaourab, Hassane S.
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital; Columbia University; Columbia University; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital
摘要：Neurotransmitter:sodium symporters (NSSs) play critical roles in neural signaling by regulating neurotransmitter uptake into cells powered by sodium electrochemical gradients. Bacterial NSSs orthologs, including MhsT from Bacillus halodurans, have emerged as model systems to understand the structural motifs of alternating access in NSSs and the extent of conservation of these motifs across the family. Here, we apply a computational/experimental methodology to illuminate the conformational land...
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作者：Hasson, Michael; Marvin, M. Colin; Lapotre, Mathieu G. A.
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：As sand moves across Earth's landscapes, the shapes of individual grains evolve, and microscopic textures accumulate on their surfaces. Because transport processes vary between environments, the shape and suite of microtextures etched on sand grains provide insights into their transport histories. For example, previous efforts to link micro- textures to transport environments have demonstrated that they can provide important information about the depositional environments of rocks with few oth...
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作者：Lesaffre, Thomas; Pannell, John R.; Mullon, Charles
作者单位：University of Lausanne
摘要：The many independent transitions from hermaphroditism to separate sexes (dioecy) in flowering plants and some animal clades must often have involved the emergence of a male and female heterogamety). Current estimates indicate that XY sex determination is much more frequent than ZW, but the reasons for this asymmetry are unclear. One proposition is that separate sexes evolve through the invasion of sterility mutations at closely linked loci, in which case XY sex determination evolves if the ini...
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作者：Ma, Yiqun; Zang, Emma; Liu, Yang; Wei, Jing; Lu, Yuan; Krumholz, Harlan M.; Bell, Michelle L.; Chen, Kai
作者单位：Yale University; Yale University; Yale University; Emory University; Rollins School Public Health; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Yale University; Yale University; Yale University
摘要：Despite the substantial evidence on the health effects of short- term exposure to ambient fine particles (PM2.5), including increasing studies focusing on those from wildland fire smoke, the impacts of long- term wildland fire smoke PM 2.5 exposure remain unclear. We investigated the association between long- term exposure to wildland fire smoke PM 2.5 and nonaccidental mortality and mortality from a wide range of specific causes in all 3,108 counties in the contiguous United States, 2007 to 2...
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作者：Wang, Hai; Zheng, Xiao- Tong; Cai, Wenju
作者单位：Ocean University of China
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作者：Villasante, Camila M.; Deng, Xinyue; Cohen, Joel E.; Hudspeth, A. J.
作者单位：Rockefeller University; Rockefeller University; Columbia University; Columbia University; University of Chicago; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Rockefeller University
摘要：Mechanical force controls the opening and closing of mechanosensitive ion channels atop the hair bundles of the inner ear. The filamentous tip link connecting transduction channels to the tallest neighboring stereocilium modulates the force transmitted to the channels and thus changes their probability of opening. Each tip link comprises four molecules: a dimer of protocadherin 15 (PCDH15) and a dimer of cadherin 23, all of which are stabilized by Ca2+ binding. Using a high- speed optical trap...
