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作者：Zhou, Tingtao; Brady, John F.
作者单位：California Institute of Technology; California Institute of Technology
摘要：Mechanical properties of disordered materials are governed by their underlying free energy landscape. In contrast to external fields, embedding a small fraction of active particles within a disordered material generates nonequilibrium internal fields, which can help to circumvent kinetic barriers and modulate the free energy landscape. In this work, we investigate through computer simulations how the activity of active particles alters the mechanical response of deeply annealed polydisperse co...
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作者：Deverna, Matthew R.; Yan, Harry Yaojun; Yang, Kai-Cheng; Menczer, Filippo
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Stanford University; Northeastern University
摘要：Fact checking can be an effective strategy against misinformation, but its implementation at scale is impeded by the overwhelming volume of information online. Recent AI language models have shown impressive ability in fact-checking tasks, but how humans interact with fact-checking information provided by these models is unclear. Here, we investigate the impact of fact-checking information generated by a popular large language model (LLM) on belief in, and sharing intent of, political news hea...
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作者：Schweiger, Gerald; Barnett, Adrian; van den Besselaar, Peter; Bornmann, Lutz; De Block, Andreas; Ioannidis, John P. A.; Sandstroem, Ulf; Conix, Stijn
作者单位：Technische Universitat Wien; Queensland University of Technology (QUT); Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Max Planck Society; KU Leuven; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Royal Institute of Technology
摘要：Research funding systems fundamentally influence how science operates. This paper aims to analyze the allocation of competitive research funding from different perspectives: How reliable are decision processes for funding? What are the economic costs of competitive funding? How does competition for funds affect doing risky research? How do competitive funding environments affect scientists themselves, and which ethical issues must be considered? We attempt to identify gaps in our knowledge of ...
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作者：Serrano-Fernandez, Luis; Beiran, Manuel; Romo, Ranulfo; Parga, Nestor
作者单位：Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - UAM - Institut de Fisica Teorica (IFT); Autonomous University of Madrid; Autonomous University of Madrid; Columbia University
摘要：Perception is influenced by sensory stimulation, prior knowledge, and contextual which collectively contribute to the emergence of perceptual biases. However, precise neural mechanisms underlying these biases remain poorly understood. study aims to address this gap by analyzing neural recordings from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of monkeys performing a vibrotactile frequency discrimination task. findings provide empirical evidence supporting the hypothesis that perceptual biases can be reflecte...
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作者：Doello, Sofia; Shvarev, Dmitry; Theune, Marius; Sauerwein, Jakob; Klon, Alexander; Keskin, Erva; Boehm, Marko; Gutekunst, Kirstin; Forchhammer, Karl
作者单位：Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; University Osnabruck; University Osnabruck; Universitat Kassel; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen
摘要：The oxidative pentose phosphate (OPP) pathway is a fundamental carbon catabolic route for generating reducing power and metabolic intermediates for biosynthetic processes. In addition, its first two reactions form the OPP shunt, which replenishes the Calvin-Benson cycle under certain conditions. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction of this metabolic route. In photosynthetic organisms, G6PDH is redox-regulated to allow fine-tuning and to preve...
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作者：Box, Finn; Moulton, Derek E.; Vella, Dominic; Bhagotra, Yuvraj; Lowe, Tristan; Goriely, Alain; Thorogood, Chris J.
作者单位：University of Manchester; University of Manchester; University of Oxford; University of Manchester; University of Oxford; University of Oxford
摘要：Rapid movement is rare in the plant kingdom, but a prerequisite for ballistic dispersal. A particularly dramatic example of rapid motion in plants is the squirting cucumber ( Ecballium elaterium) which launches its seeds explosively via a high-pressure jet. Despite intriguing scientists for centuries, the exact mechanism of seed dispersal and its effect on subsequent generations remain poorly understood. Here, through combination of experimentation, high-speed videography, quantitative image a...
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作者：Cheung, Eric C.; Strathdee, Douglas; Stevenson, David; Coomes, Jack; Blyth, Karen; Vousden, Karen H.
作者单位：Francis Crick Institute; University of Glasgow
摘要：The consequences of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells are complex and have been shown to both promote and retard tumorigenesis in different models. In mouse models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), loss of the antioxidant defense gene Tigar results in both a reduction in the development of early pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and an increase in invasive and metastatic capacity, accompanied by decreased survival of mice lacking pancreatic TIGAR. We previously demonst...
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作者：He, Fei-Yu; Zhao, Long-Sheng; Qu, Xin-Xiao; Li, Kang; Guo, Jian-Ping; Zhao, Fang; Wang, Ning; Qin, Bing-Yue; Chen, Xiu-Lan; Gao, Jun; Liu, Lu-Ning; Zhang, Yu-Zhong
作者单位：Shandong University; Ocean University of China; Ocean University of China; Huazhong Agricultural University; University of Liverpool
摘要：Haptophyta represents a major taxonomic group, with plastids derived from the primary plastids of red algae. Here, we elucidated the cryoelectron microscopy structure of the photosystem I-light- harvesting complex I (PSI-LHCI) supercomplex from the haptophyte Isochrysis galbana. The PSI core comprises 12 subunits, which have evolved differently from red algae and cryptophytes by losing the PsaO subunit while incorporating the PsaK subunit, which is absent in diatoms and dinoflagellates. The PS...
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作者：Li, Ying-Fei; Been, Emily M.; Balguri, Sudhaman; Jia, Chun-Jing; Mahendru, Mira B.; Wang, Zhi-Cheng; Cui, Yi; Chen, Su-Di; Hashimoto, Makoto; Lu, Dong-Hui; Moritz, Brian; Zaanen, Jan; Tafti, Fazel; Devereaux, Thomas P.; Shen, Zhi-Xun
作者单位：Stanford University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Stanford University; Stanford University; Boston College; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Stanford University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Leiden University; Stanford University
摘要：Recent experiments suggest a new paradigm toward novel colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) in a family of materials EuM2X2 (M = Cd, In, Zn; X = P, As), distinct from the traditional avenues involving Kondo-Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida crossovers, magnetic phase transitions with structural distortions, or topological phase transitions. Here, we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to explore their origin, particularly focusing on EuCd2P2. While ...
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作者：Wang, Chong; Wu, Bo; Li, Yang; Jiang, Ying; Dong, Tianyang; Zhou, Shen; Wang, Chunru; Bai, Chunli
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Chemistry, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Beijing University of Posts & Telecommunications; National University of Defense Technology - China
摘要：Photoinduced ultrafast multielectron transfer (m- ET) and long- lived charge- accumulated states in single molecules hold promise for light- energy conversion and utilization. However, compared to single- electron transfer (s- ET), m- ET tends to be thermodynamically and kinetically unfavorable. Here, we construct a dumbbell- shaped fullerene- indacenodithiophene triad, IT2, modified with two C 60 units in the donor indacenodithiophene. Exciting the C 60 units, ultrafast m- ET occurs with a ti...
