-
作者：Nong, Daguan; Haviland, Zachary K.; Zexer, Nerya; Pfaff, Sarah A.; Cosgrove, Daniel J.; Tien, Ming; Anderson, Charles T.; Hancock, William O.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：Degrading cellulose is a key step in the processing of lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol. Cellobiose, the disaccharide product of cellulose degradation, has been shown to inhibit cellulase activity, but the mechanisms underlying product inhibition are not clear. We combined single- molecule imaging and biochemical investigations with the goal of revealing the mechanism by which cellobiose inhibits the activity of Trichoderma reesei Cel7A, a well- characterized exo- cellulase. We find tha...
-
作者：Lynch, Andrew R.; Bradford, Shermineh; Zhou, Amber S.; Oxendine, Kim; Henderson, Les; Horner, Vanessa L.; Weaver, Beth A.; Burkard, Mark E.
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：Chromosomal instability (CIN) is the persistent reshuffling of cancer karyotypes via chromosome mis- segregation during cell division. In cancer, CIN exists at varying levels that have differential effects on tumor progression. However, mis- segregation rates remain challenging to assess in human cancer despite an array of available measures. We evaluated measures of CIN by comparing quantitative methods using specific, inducible phenotypic CIN models of chromosome bridges, pseudobipolar spind...
-
作者：McWhorter, Jennifer K.; Halloran, Paul R.; Roff, George; Mumby, Peter J.
作者单位：University of Exeter; University of Queensland; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory (AOML); Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
摘要：Climate change projections for coral reefs are founded exclusively on sea surface temperatures (SST). While SST projections are relevant for the shallowest reefs, neglecting ocean stratification overlooks the striking differences in temperature experienced by deeper reefs for all or part of the year. Density stratification creates a buoyancy barrier partitioning the upper and lower parts of the water column. Here, we mechanistically downscale climate models and quantify patterns of thermal str...
-
作者：Puli, Oorvashi Roy; Gogia, Neha; Chimata, Anuradha Venkatakrishnan; Yorimitsu, Takeshi; Nakagoshi, Hideki; Kango-Singh, Madhuri; Singh, Amit
作者单位：University System of Ohio; University of Dayton; Okayama University; University System of Ohio; University of Dayton; University System of Ohio; University of Dayton; Indiana State University; International Genomics Consortium
摘要：Despite the conservation of genetic machinery involved in eye development, there is a strong diversity in the placement of eyes on the head of animals. Morphogen gradients of signaling molecules are vital to patterning cues. During Drosophila eye development, Wingless (Wg), a ligand of Wnt/Wg signaling, is expressed anterolaterally to form a morphogen gradient to determine the eye- versus head- specific cell fate. The underlying mechanisms that regulate this process are yet to be fully underst...
-
作者：Gilbert, Natasha
-
作者：Stewart, Thomas A.; Lemberg, Justin B.; Hillan, Emily J.; Magallanes, Isaac; Daeschler, Edward B.; Shubin, Neil H.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; University of Chicago; University of Chicago; Drexel University
摘要：The axial columns of the earliest limbed vertebrates show distinct patterns of regionalization as compared to early tetrapodomorphs. Included among their novel features are sacral ribs, which provide linkage between the vertebral column and pelvis, contributing to body support and propulsion by the hindlimb. Data on the axial skeletons of the closest relatives of limbed vertebrates are sparce, with key features of specimens potentially covered by matrix. Therefore, it is unclear in what sequen...
-
作者：He, Yu-Juan; Lu, Gang; Xu, Bo-Jie; Mao, Qian-Zhuo; Qi, Yu-Hua; Jiao, Gao-Yang; Weng, Hai-Tao; Tian, Yan-Zhen; Huang, Hai-Jian; Zhang, Chuan-Xi; Chen, Jian-Ping; Li, Jun-Min
作者单位：Ningbo University; Ningbo University
摘要：Throughout evolution, arboviruses have developed various strategies to counteract the host's innate immune defenses to maintain persistent transmission. Recent studies have shown that, in addition to bacteria and fungi, the innate Toll-Dorsal immune system also plays an essential role in preventing viral infections in invertebrates. However, whether the classical Toll immune pathway is involved in maintaining the homeostatic process to ensure the persistent and propagative transmission of arbo...
-
作者：Lal, Apoorv; You, Fengqi
作者单位：Cornell University; Cornell University
摘要：Climate change persists as a pressing global issue due to high greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel-based energy sources. A transition to a greener energy matrix combined with carbon offsetting is imperative to mitigate the rate at which global temperature ascends. While countries have deployed faith in green hydrogen to accelerate worldwide decarbonization efforts, the concurrent rise of blockchain- operated crypto- applications, such as bitcoin, has exacerbated climate change concerns. ...
-
作者：Liu, Yixin; Wang, Ya-Jun; Du, Yang; Liu, Wei; Huang, Xuedong; Fan, Zihui; Lu, Jiayin; Yi, Runqiu; Xiang, Xiao-Wei; Xia, Xinwei; Gu, Hongzhou; Liu, Yan-Jun; Liu, Baohong
作者单位：Fudan University
摘要：Energy metabolism is highly interdependent with adaptive cell migration in vivo. Mechanical confinement is a critical physical cue that induces switchable migration modes of the mesenchymal-to- amoeboid transition (MAT). However, the energy states in distinct migration modes, especially amoeboid-like stable bleb (A2) movement, remain unclear. In this report, we developed multivalent DNA framework-based nanomachines to explore strategical mitochondrial trafficking and differential ATP levels du...
-
作者：Ravenscraft, Alison; Hunter, Martha S.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Arlington; University of Arizona
