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作者：Collins, Katherine M.; Jiang, Albert Q.; Frieder, Simon; Wong, Lionel; Zilka, Miri; Bhatt, Umang; Lukasiewicz, Thomas; Wu, Yuhuai; Tenenbaum, Joshua B.; Hart, William; Gowers, Timothy; Li, Wenda; Weller, Adrian; Jamnik, Mateja
作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Oxford; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Alan Turing Institute; New York University; Technische Universitat Wien; Universite PSL; College de France
摘要：There is much excitement about the opportunity to harness the power of large language models (LLMs) when building problem -solving assistants. However, the standard methodology of evaluating LLMs relies on static pairs of inputs and outputs; this is insufficient for making an informed decision about which LLMs are best to use in an interactive setting, and how that varies by setting. Static assessment therefore limits how we understand language model capabilities. We introduce CheckMate, an ad...
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作者：Ding, Su; Grossi, Vincent; Hopmans, Ellen C.; Bale, Nicole J.; Laureau, Cristiana Cravo-; Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe
作者单位：Utrecht University; Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ); Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon (ENS de LYON); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Utrecht University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Aix-Marseille Universite
摘要：largely unexplored. In this study, we thoroughly examined the lipidome adaptations of bacterium known for its high proportions of alkylglycerol ether lipids in its membrane, under various cultivation conditions including temperature, pH, salinity, and ammonium and phosphorous concentrations. Employing an extensive analytical and computational lipidomic methodology, we identified an assemblage of nearly 400 distinct lipids, including a range of glycerol ether/ester lipids with various polar hea...
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作者：Brueckner, David B.; Tkacik, Gasper
作者单位：Institute of Science & Technology - Austria
摘要：A key feature of many developmental systems is their ability to self-organize spatial patterns of functionally distinct cell fates. To ensure proper biological function, such patterns must be established reproducibly, by controlling and even harnessing intrinsic and extrinsic fluctuations. While the relevant molecular processes are increasingly well understood, we lack a principled framework to quantify the performance of such stochastic self-organizing systems. To that end, we introduce an in...
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作者：Djari, Anis; Madignier, Guillaume; Di Valentin, Olivia; Gillet, Thibault; Frasse, Pierre; Djouhri, Amel; Hu, Guojian; Julliard, Sebastien; Liu, Mingchun; Zhang, Yang; Regad, Farid; Pirrello, Julien; Maza, Elie; Bouzayen, Mondher
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Sichuan University
摘要：Haplotype - resolved genome assemblies were produced for Chasselas and Ugni Blanc, two heterozygous Vitis vinifera cultivars by combining high - fidelity long - read sequencing and high - throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi - C). The telomere - to - telomere full coverage of the chromosomes allowed us to assemble separately the two haplo - genomes of both cultivars and revealed structural variations between the two haplotypes of a given cultivar. The deletions/insertions, inversions...
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作者：Stillman, Bruce; Nathans, Jeremy
作者单位：Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
摘要：In the mid - 1950s, Arthur Kornberg elucidated the enzymatic synthesis of DNA by DNA polymerase, for which he was recognized with the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He then identified many of the proteins that cooperate with DNA polymerase to replicate duplex DNA of small bacteriophages. However, one major unanswered problem was understanding the mechanism and control of the initiation of chromosome replication in bacteria. In a seminal paper in 1981, Fuller, Kaguni, and Kornberg ...
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作者：Tiwary, Pratyush
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations using classical force fields are commonly employed in numerous scientific investigations. However, many natural processes involve bondbreaking and quantum forces. This complexity is compounded by the presence of multiple competing length and timescales. For example, accurately modeling the thermodynamics and dynamics of a chemical reaction requires accounting for the concerted movements of numerous solvent molecules and ions with their own fast or slow times...
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作者：Ipina, Emiliano Perez; d'Alessandro, Joseph; Ladoux, Benoit; Camley, Brian A.
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Cite; Johns Hopkins University
摘要：For eukaryotic cells to heal wounds, respond to immune signals, or metastasize, they must migrate, often by adhering to extracellular matrix (ECM). Cells may also deposit ECM components, leaving behind a footprint that influences their crawling. Recent experiments showed that some epithelial cell lines on micropatterned adhesive stripes move persistently in regions they have previously crawled over, where footprints have been formed, but barely advance into unexplored regions, creating an osci...
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作者：Lichand, Guilherme; Doria, Carlos Alberto
作者单位：Universidade de Brasilia
摘要：The transition to remote learning in the context of COVID-19 led to dramatic setbacks in education. Is the return to in -person classes sufficient to eliminate these losses eventually? We study this question using data from the universe of secondary students in S & atilde;o Paulo State, Brazil. We estimate the causal medium -run impacts of the length of exposure to remote learning during the pandemic through a triple -differences strategy, which contrasts changes in educational outcomes across...
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作者：Mei, Menghan; Cupic, Anastasija; Miorin, Lisa; Ye, Chengjin; Cagatay, Tolga; Zhang, Ke; Patel, Komal; Wilson, Natalie; McDonald, W. Hayes; Crossland, Nicholas A.; Lo, Ming; Rutkowska, Magdalena; Aslam, Sadaf; Mena, Ignacio; Martinez-Sobrido, Luis; Ren, Yi; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo; Fontoura, Beatriz M. A.
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Texas Biomedical Research Institute; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, CAS; Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University; Boston University; Boston University; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Scripps Research Institute
摘要：The nonstructural protein 1 (Nsp1) of SARS - CoV - 2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) is a virulence factor that targets multiple cellular pathways to inhibit host gene expression and antiviral response. However, the underlying mechanisms of the various Nsp1mediated functions and their contributions to SARS - CoV - 2 virulence remain unclear. Among the targets of Nsp1 is the mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) export receptor NXF1 - NXT1, which mediates nuclear export of mRNAs f...
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作者：Yao, Run - Wen; Rosen, Michael K.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
摘要：Biomolecular condensates are cellular compartments that concentrate biomolecules without an encapsulating membrane. In recent years, significant advances have been made in the understanding of condensates through biochemical reconstitution and microscopic detection of these structures. Quantitative visualization and biochemical assays of biomolecular condensates rely on surface passivation to minimize background and artifacts due to condensate adhesion. However, the challenge of undesired inte...
