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作者：Cathcart, Chundra A.
作者单位：University of Zurich; University of Zurich; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen
摘要：Languages disfavor word forms containing sequences of similar or identical consonants, due to the biomechanical and cognitive difficulties posed by patterns of this sort. However, the specific evolutionary processes responsible for this phenomenon are not fully understood. Words containing sequences of identical consonants may be more likely to arise than those without; processes of word form mutation may be more likely to remove than create sequences of identical consonants in word forms; fin...
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作者：Hollister, Robert D.
作者单位：Grand Valley State University
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作者：Stolze, Lucien; Arora, Bhavna; Dwivedi, Dipankar; Steefel, Carl I.; Bandai, Toshiyuki; Wu, Yuxin; Nico, Peter
作者单位：United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
摘要：Climate influences near-surface biogeochemical processes and thereby determines the partitioning of carbon dioxide (CO2) in shale, and yet the controls on carbon (C) weathering fluxes remain poorly constrained. Using a dataset that characterizes biogeochemical responses to climate forcing in shale regolith, we implement a numerical model that describes the effects of water infiltration events, gas exchange, and temperature fluctuations on soil respiration and mineral weathering at a seasonal t...
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作者：DeBerge, Matthew; Schroth, Samantha; Du, Fanfan; Yeap, Xin Yi; Wang, Jiao - Jing; Zhang, Zheng Jenny; Ansari, Mohammed Javeed; Scott, Evan A.; Thorp, Edward B.
作者单位：Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; University of Texas System; University of Texas Health Science Center Houston; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine
摘要：Solid organ transplantation mobilizes myeloid cells, including monocytes and macrophages, which are central protagonists of allograft rejection. However, myeloid cells can also be functionally reprogrammed by perioperative costimulatory blockade to promote a state of transplantation tolerance. Transplantation tolerance holds promise to reduce complications from chronic immunosuppression and promote long - term survival in transplant recipients. We sought to identify different mediators of tran...
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作者：Sakai, Keiichiro; Kondo, Yohei; Goto, Yuhei; Aoki, Kazuhiro
作者单位：National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) - Japan; The Exploratory Research Center on Life & Living Systems (ExCELLS); National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) - Japan; National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB); Graduate University for Advanced Studies - Japan; Kyoto University; Kyoto University
摘要：The cytoplasm is a complex, crowded environment that influences myriad cellular processes including protein folding and metabolic reactions. Recent studies have suggested that changes in the biophysical properties of the cytoplasm play a key role in cellular homeostasis and adaptation. However, it still remains unclear how cells control their cytoplasmic properties in response to environmental cues. Here, we used fission yeast spores as a model system of dormant cells to elucidate the mechanis...
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作者：Ha, Gloria; Dieterle, Paul; Shen, Hao; Amir, Ariel; Needleman, Daniel J.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard University; Weizmann Institute of Science; Harvard University; Simons Foundation; Flatiron Institute
摘要：Error correction is central to many biological systems and is critical for protein function and cell health. During mitosis, error correction is required for the faithful inheritance of genetic material. When functioning properly, the mitotic spindle segregates an equal number of chromosomes to daughter cells with high fidelity. Over the course of spindle assembly, many initially erroneous attachments between kinetochores and microtubules are fixed through the process of error correction. Desp...
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作者：Long, Xiaoyang; Deng, Bin; Shen, Rui; Yang, Lin; Chen, Liping; Ran, Qingxia; Du, Xin; Zhang, Sheng - Jia
作者单位：Army Medical University
摘要：The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key brain structure for higher cognitive functions such as decision - making and goal - directed behavior, many of which require awareness of spatial variables including one's current position within the surrounding environment. Although previous studies have reported spatially tuned activities in mPFC during memory - related trajectory, the spatial tuning of mPFC network during freely foraging behavior remains elusive. Here, we reveal geometric border ...
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作者：McGough, Lauren; Cobey, Sarah
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Many pathogens evolve to escape immunity, yet it remains difficult to predict whether immune pressure will lead to diversification, serial replacement of one variant by another, or more complex patterns. Pathogen strain dynamics are mediated by crossprotective immunity, whereby exposure to one strain partially protects against infection by antigenically diverged strains. There is growing evidence that this protection is influenced by early exposures, a phenomenon referred to as original antige...
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作者：Sato, Yukiyo; Kondo, Hideki; Suzuki, Nobuhiro
作者单位：Okayama University
摘要：Antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) is conserved from yeasts to mammals. Dicer recognizes and cleaves virusderived double - stranded RNA (dsRNA) and/or structured single - stranded RNA (ssRNA) into small - interfering RNAs, which guide effector Argonaute to homologous viral RNAs for digestion and inhibit virus replication. Thus, Argonaute is believed to be essential for antiviral RNAi. Here, we show Argonaute - independent, Dicer - dependent antiviral defense against dsRNA viruses using Cryphone...
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作者：Zipple, Matthew N.; Reeve, H. Kern; Peniston, Orca Jimmy
作者单位：Cornell University; Cornell University
摘要：Animals, and mammals in particular, vary widely in their pace of life, with some species living long lives and reproducing infrequently (slow life histories) and others living short lives and reproducing often (fast life histories). nese species also vary in the importance of maternal care in offspring fitness: In some species, offspring are fully independent of their mothers following a brief period of nutritional input, while others display a long period of continued dependence on mothers we...
