-
作者：Gao, Jie; Liu, Chen - Fei; Liu, Ping - Ping; Wang, Xian - Wei
作者单位：Shandong University
摘要：Invertebrates mainly rely on sequence- specific RNA interference (RNAi) to resist viral infections. Increasing studies show that double- stranded RNA (dsRNA) can induce sequence- independent protection and that Dicer- 2, the key RNAi player that cleaves long dsRNA into small interfering RNA (siRNA), is necessary for this protection. However, how this protection occurs remains unknown. Herein, we report that it is caused by adenosine triphosphate (ATP)- hydrolysis accompanying the dsRNA- cleava...
-
作者：Gallistel, Charles R.; Shahan, Timothy A.
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University
摘要：Reinforcement learning inspires much theorizing in neuroscience, cognitive science, machine learning, and AI. A central question concerns the conditions that produce the perception of a contingency between an action and reinforcement-the assignment- of- credit problem. Contemporary models of associative and reinforcement learning do not leverage the temporal metrics (measured intervals). Our information- theoretic approach formalizes contingency by time- scale invariant temporal mutual informa...
-
作者：Narayanan, Haripriya Vaidehi; Xiang, Mark Y.; Chen, Yijia; Huang, Helen; Roy, Sukanya; Makkar, Himani; Hoffmann, Alexander; Roy, Koushik
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah
摘要：Antibody responses require the proliferative expansion of B cells controlled by affinity- dependent signals. Yet, proliferative bursts are heterogeneous, varying between 0 and 8 divisions in response to the same stimulus. NF kappa B cRel is activated in response to immune stimulation in B cells and is genetically required for proliferation. Here, we asked whether proliferative heterogeneity is controlled by natural variations in cRel abundance. We developed a fluorescent reporter mTFP1- cRel f...
-
作者：Tang, Songsong; Tang, Daitian; Zhou, Houhong; Li, Yangyang; Zhou, Dewang; Peng, Xiqi; Ren, Chunyu; Su, Yilin; Zhang, Shaohua; Zheng, Haoxiang; Wan, Fangchen; Yoo, Jounghyun; Han, Hong; Ma, Xiaotian; Gao, Wei; Wu, Song
作者单位：Shenzhen University; California Institute of Technology; Shenzhen University; Shantou University
摘要：Autonomous nanorobots represent an advanced tool for precision therapy to improve therapeutic efficacy. However, current nanorobotic designs primarily rely on inorganic materials with compromised biocompatibility and limited biological functions. Here, we introduce enzyme- powered bacterial outer membrane vesicle (OMV) nanorobots. The immobilized urease on the OMV membrane catalyzes the decomposition of bioavailable urea, generating effective propulsion for nanorobots. This OMV nanorobot prese...
-
作者：Xiao, T. Patrick
作者单位：United States Department of Energy (DOE); Sandia National Laboratories
-
作者：Schwartz, Laura; Simoni, Aaron; Yan, Pearlly; Salamon, Kristin; Turkoglu, Altan; Martinez, Gabriela Vasquez; Zepeda-Orozco, Diana; Eichler, Tad; Wang, Xin; Spencer, John David
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Nationwide Childrens Hospital; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Nationwide Childrens Hospital; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; James Cancer Hospital & Solove Research Institute; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; James Cancer Hospital & Solove Research Institute; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：Urinary tract infection (UTI) commonly afflicts people with diabetes. This augmented infection risk is partly due to deregulated insulin receptor (IR) signaling in the kidney collecting duct. The collecting duct is composed of intercalated cells (ICs) and principal cells (PCs). Evidence suggests that ICs contribute to UTI defenses. Here, we interrogate how IR deletion in ICs impacts antibacterial defenses against uropathogenic Escherichia coli. We also explore how IR deletion affects immune re...
-
作者：Deen, Ben; Husain, Gazi; Freiwald, Winrich A.
作者单位：Tulane University; Tulane University; Rockefeller University; City University of New York (CUNY) System; Hunter College (CUNY)
摘要：How does the brain process the faces of familiar people? Neuropsychological studies have argued for an area of the temporal pole (TP) linking faces with person identities, but magnetic susceptibility artifacts in this region have hampered its study with fMRI. Using data acquisition and analysis methods optimized to overcome this artifact, we identify a familiar face response in TP, reliably observed in individual brains. This area responds strongly to visual images of familiar faces over unfam...
-
作者：Gupta, Swati; Tielemans, Alexander; Guevara, Christopher A.; Huntley, George W.; Benson, Deanna L.; Mason, Carol A.
作者单位：Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
摘要：Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disease that affects multiple brain systems and circuits. While defined by motor symptoms caused by degeneration of brainstem dopamine neurons, debilitating non- motor abnormalities in fronto- striatal- based cognitive function are common, appear early, and are initially independent of dopamine. Young adult mice expressing the PD- associated G2019S missense mutation in Lrrk2 also exhibit deficits in fronto- striatal- based cognitive tasks. In mice a...
-
作者：Moore, Jason J.; Genkin, Alexander; Tournoy, Magnus; Pughe-Sanford, Joshua L.; van Steveninck, Rob R. de Ruyter; Chklovskii, Dmitri B.
作者单位：New York University; Simons Foundation; Flatiron Institute; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
摘要：In the quest to model neuronal function amid gaps in physiological data, a promising strategy is to develop a normative theory that interprets neuronal physiology as optimizing a computational objective. This study extends current normative models, which primarily optimize prediction, by conceptualizing neurons as optimal feedback controllers. We posit that neurons, especially those beyond early sensory areas, steer their environment toward a specific desired state through their output. This e...
-
作者：Pathak, Anand; Menon, Shakti N.; Sinha, Sitabhra
作者单位：Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc) India; Homi Bhabha National Institute
摘要：Networks involved in information processing often have their nodes arranged hierarchically, with the majority of connections occurring in adjacent levels. However, despite being an intuitively appealing concept, the hierarchical organization of large networks, such as those in the brain, is difficult to identify, especially in absence of additional information beyond that provided by the connectome. In this paper, we propose a framework to uncover the hierarchical structure of a given network,...
