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作者：Horak, Richard D.; Ciemniecki, John A.; Newman, Dianne K.
作者单位：California Institute of Technology; California Institute of Technology
摘要：The proton- motive force (PMF), consisting of a pH gradient and a membrane potential (Delta Psi) underpins many processes essential to bacterial growth and/or survival. Yet bacteria often enter a bioenergetically diminished state characterized by a low PMF. Consequently, they have increased tolerance for diverse stressors, including clinical antibiotics. Despite the ubiquity of low metabolic rates in the environment, the extent to which bacteria have agency over entry into such a low- bioenerg...
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作者：Lynch, Michael
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe
摘要：All life forms depend on the conversion of energy into biomass used in growth and reproduction. For unicellular heterotrophs, the energetic cost associated with building a cell scales slightly sublinearly with cell weight. However, observations on multiple Daphnia species and numerous other metazoans suggest that although a similar size-specific scaling is retained in multicellular heterotrophs, there is a quantum leap in the energy required to build a replacement soma, presumably owing to the...
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作者：Madhwani, Kimberly R.; Sayied, Shanzeh; Ogata, Carlson H.; Hogan, Caley A.; Lentini, Jenna M.; Mallik, Moushami; Dumouchel, Jennifer L.; Storkebaum, Erik; Fu, Dragony; O'Connor -Giles, Kate M.
作者单位：Brown University; Brown University; Brown University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Rochester; Radboud University Nijmegen; Brown University; Brown University
摘要：Post- transcriptional modification of RNA regulates gene expression at multiple levels. ALKBH8 is a tRNA- modifying enzyme that methylates wobble uridines in a subset of tRNAs to modulate translation. Through methylation of tRNA- selenocysteine, ALKBH8 promotes selenoprotein synthesis and regulates redox homeostasis. Pathogenic variants in ALKBH8 have been linked to intellectual disability disorders in the human population, but the role of ALKBH8 in the nervous system is unknown. Through in vi...
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作者：Sharma, Abhimanyu; Friedrich, Benjamin M.; Geyer, Veikko F.
摘要：Fluxes of energy generate active forces in living matter, yet also active fluctuations. As a canonical example, collections of molecular motors exhibit spontaneous oscillations with frequency jitter caused by nonequilibrium phase fluctuations. We investigate phase fluctuations in reactivated Chlamydomonas reinhardtii axonemes, which are accessible to direct manipulation. We quantify the precision of axonemal oscillations after controlled chemical removal of dynein motors, providing an experime...
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作者：Fachi, Jose L.; de Oliveira, Sarah; Gilfillan, Susan; Antonova, Alina Ulezko; Hou, JinChao; Vinolo, Marco A. R.; Colonna, Marco
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Zhejiang University
摘要：Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a common cause of antibiotic- associated colitis. C. difficile proliferates and produces toxins that damage the colonic epithelium, leading to symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe pseudomembranous colitis. The host's innate response to CDI occurs in two phases: an early phase in which neutrophils reduce the bacterial load and a late phase involving repair mechanisms to restore epithelial integrity. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are c...
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作者：Fahy, William D.; Gong, Yufeng; Wang, Shenghong; Zhang, Zhizhen; Li, Li; Peng, Hui; Abbatt, Jonathan P. D.
作者单位：University of Toronto; Ocean University of China; Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Reno
摘要：Humans are widely exposed to semivolatile organic contaminants in indoor environments. Many contaminants have long lifetimes following partitioning to the large surface reservoirs present indoors, which leads to long exposure times to gas- phase oxidants and multiphase chemistry. Studies have shown selective multiphase oxidation of organics on indoor surfaces, but the presence of hydroxyl radicals with nonselective reactivity and evidence of multiphase OH radical reactivity toward common indoo...
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作者：Li, Tian; Cheburkanov, Vsevolod; Yakovlev, Vladislav V.; Agarwal, Girish S.; Scully, Marlan O.
作者单位：University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee at Chattanooga; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee at Chattanooga; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
摘要：The biomechanical properties of cells and tissues play an important role in our fundamental understanding of the structures and functions of biological systems at both the cellular and subcellular levels. Recently, Brillouin microscopy, which offers a label-free spectroscopic means of assessing viscoelastic properties in vivo, has emerged as a powerful way to interrogate those properties on a microscopic level in living tissues. However, susceptibility to photodamage and photobleaching, partic...
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作者：Scavia, Donald; Ludsin, Stuart A.; Michalak, Anna M.; Obenour, Daniel R.; Han, Mingyu; Johnson, Laura T.; Wang, Yu - Chen; Zhao, Gang; Zhou, Yuntao
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Carnegie Institution for Science; Stanford University; North Carolina State University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; University System of Ohio; Heidelberg University USA; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS
摘要：Changes driven by both unanticipated human activities and management actions are creating wicked management landscapes in freshwater and marine ecosystems that require new approaches to support decision- making. By linking a predictive model of nutrient- and temperature- driven bottom hypoxia with observed commercial fishery harvest data from Lake Erie (United States-Canada) over the past century (1928-2022) and climate projections (2030-2099), we show how simple, yet robust models and routine...
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作者：Adebali, Ogun; Sancar, Aziz; Selby, Christopher P.
作者单位：Sabanci University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
摘要：DNA repair processes modulate genotoxicity, mutagenesis, and adaption. Nucleotide excision repair removes bulky DNA damage, and in Escherichia coli, basal excision repair, carried out by UvrA, B, C, and D, with DNA PolI and DNA ligase, occurs genome-wide. In transcription- coupled repair (TCR), the Mfd protein targets template strand (TS) lesions that block RNA polymerase for accelerated repair by the basal repair enzymes. Accelerated repair is also seen with particular adducts. Notably, of th...
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作者：Drabon, Nadja; Knoll, Andrew H.; Lowe, Donald R.; Bernasconi, Stefano M.; Brenner, Alec R.; Mucciarone, David A.
作者单位：Harvard University; Stanford University; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Stanford University
摘要：Large meteorite impacts must have strongly affected the habitability of the early Earth. Rocks of the Archean Eon record at least 16 major impact events, involving bolides larger than 10 km in diameter. These impacts probably had severe, albeit temporary, consequences for surface environments. However, their effect on early life is not well understood. Here, we analyze the sedimentology, petrography, and carbon isotope geochemistry of sedimentary rocks across the S2 impact event (37 to 58 km c...
