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作者：Rignot, Eric; Ciraci, Enrico; Scheuchl, Bernd; Tolpekin, Valentyn; Wollersheim, Michael; Dow, Christine
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); California Institute of Technology; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of Waterloo
摘要：Warm water from the Southern Ocean has a dominant impact on the evolution of Antarctic glaciers and in turn on their contribution to sea level rise. Using a continuous time series of daily -repeat satellite synthetic -aperture radar interferometry data from the ICEYE constellation collected in March-June 2023, we document an ice grounding zone, or region of tidally controlled migration of the transition boundary between grounded ice and ice afloat in the ocean, at the main trunk of Thwaites Gl...
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作者：Loza, Liza; Doering, Tamara L.
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：Glycogen is a glucose storage molecule composed of branched alpha-1,4-glucan chains, best known as an energy reserve that can be broken down to fuel central metabolism. Because fungal cells have a specialized need for glucose in building cell wall glucans, we investigated whether glycogen is used for this process. For these studies, we focused on the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans , which causes similar to 150,000 deaths per year worldwide. We identified two proteins that influence f...
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作者：Wollburg, Philip; Bentze, Thomas; Lu, Yuchen; Udry, Christopher; Gollin, Douglas
作者单位：The World Bank; Wageningen University & Research; Rice University; Northwestern University; University of Oxford; Tufts University
摘要：Drawing on a harmonized longitudinal dataset covering more than 55,000 smallholder farms in six African countries, we analyze changes in crop productivity from 2008 to 2019. Because smallholder farmers represent a significant fraction of the world's poorest people, agricultural productivity in this context matters for poverty reduction and for the broader achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Our analysis measures productivity trends for nationally representative samples of smal...
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作者：Zhang, Yixin; Zhu, Xiaojue; Wood, Jeffery A.; Lohse, Detlef
作者单位：University of Twente; University of Twente; Max Planck Society; University of Twente; Max Planck Society
摘要：Understanding the stability mechanism of surface micro/nanobubbles adhered to gasevolving electrodes is essential for improving the efficiency of water electrolysis, which is known to be hindered by the bubble coverage on electrodes. Using molecular simulations, the diffusion -controlled evolution of single electrolytic nanobubbles on wettability-patterned nanoelectrodes is investigated. These nanoelectrodes feature hydrophobic islands as preferential nucleation sites and allow the growth of n...
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作者：Zheng, Jing; Baimoukhametova, Dinara; Lebel, Catherine; Bains, Jaideep S.; Kurrasch, Deborah M.
作者单位：University of Calgary; University of Calgary; University of Calgary; University of Calgary; University of Calgary
摘要：Arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular region (AVP PVN ) mediate sex - biased social behaviors across most species, including mammals. In mice, neural sex differences are thought to be established during a critical window around birth ( embryonic (E) day 18 to postnatal (P) day 2) whereby circulating testosterone from the fetal testis is converted to estrogen in sex - dimorphic brain regions. Here, we found that AVP PVN neurons are sexually dimorphic by E15.5, p...
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作者：Sun, Tao; Dong, Lili; Zhang, Yunyu; Hattenschwiler, Stephan; Schlesinger, William H.; Zhu, Jiaojun; Berg, Bjorn; Adair, E. Carol; Fang, Yunting; Hobble, Sarah E.
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, CAS; Shenyang Agricultural University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Universite PSL; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE); Institut Agro; Montpellier SupAgro; CIRAD; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite Paul-Valery; Universite de Montpellier; Duke University; University of Helsinki; University of Vermont; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：Decomposition of dead organic matter is fundamental to carbon (C) and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, influencing C fluxes from the biosphere to the atmosphere. Theory predicts and evidence strongly supports that the availability of nitrogen (N) limits litter decomposition. Positive relationships between substrate N concentrations and decomposition have been embedded into ecosystem models. This decomposition paradigm, however, relies on data mostly from short - term studies analyzi...
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作者：Poukalov, Kiril K.; Valero, M. Carmen; Muscato, Derek R.; Adams, Leanne M.; Chun, Heejae; Lee, Young Il; Andrade, Nadja S.; Zeier, Zane; Sweeney, H. Lee; Wang, Eric T.
作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of Florida; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; University of Miami
摘要：Successful CRISPR/Cas9- based gene editing in skeletal muscle is dependent on efficient propagation of Cas9 to all myonuclei in the myofiber. However, nuclear- targeted gene therapy cargos are strongly restricted to their myonuclear domain of origin. By screening nuclear localization signals and nuclear export signals, we identify Myospreader, a combination of short peptide sequences that promotes myonuclear propagation. Appending Myospreader to Cas9 enhances protein stability and myonuclear p...
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作者：Regev, Johanna; Gadot, Yuval; Uziel, Joe; Chalaf, Ortal; Shalev, Yiftah; Roth, Helena; Shalom, Nitsan; Szanton, Nahshon; Bocher, Efrat; Pearson, Charlotte L.; Brown, David M.; Mintz, Eugenia; Regev, Lior; Boaretto, Elisabetta
作者单位：Weizmann Institute of Science; Tel Aviv University; Bar Ilan University; University of Arizona; Queens University Belfast
摘要：Reconstructing the absolute chronology of Jerusalem during the time it served as the Judahite Kingdom's capital is challenging due to its dense, still inhabited urban nature and the plateau shape of the radiocarbon calibration curve during part of this period. We present 103 radiocarbon dates from reliable archaeological contexts in five excavation areas of Iron Age Jerusalem, which tie between archaeology and biblical history. We exploit Jerusalem's rich past, including textual evidence and v...
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作者：Doherty, Tim S.; Macdonald, Kristina J.; Nimmo, Dale G.; Santos, Julianna L.; Geary, William L.; Bowman, David
作者单位：University of Sydney; Deakin University; Charles Sturt University; Charles Sturt University; University of Melbourne
摘要：Human actions are causing widespread increases in fire size, frequency, and severity in diverse ecosystems globally. This alteration of fire regimes is considered a threat to numerous animal species, but empirical evidence of how fire regimes are shifting within both threatened species' ranges and protected areas is scarce, particularly at large spatial and temporal scales. We used a big data approach to quantify multidecadal changes in fire regimes in southern Australia from 1980 to 2021, spa...
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作者：Arifuzzaman, Md; Kwon, Eunju; Kim, Dong Young
作者单位：Yeungnam University; Gyeongsang National University; Gyeongsang National University
摘要：In gram - positive bacteria, phosphorylated arginine functions as a protein degradation signal in a similar manner as ubiquitin in eukaryotes. The protein - arginine phosphorylation is mediated by the McsAB complex, where McsB possesses kinase activity and McsA modulates McsB activity. Although mcsA and mcsB are regulated within the same operon, the role of McsA in kinase activity has not yet been clarified. In this study, we determined the molecular mechanism by which McsA regulates kinase ac...
