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作者：Callaway, David J. E.; Nicholl, Iain D.; Shi, Bright; Reyes, Gilbert; Farago, Bela; Bu, Zimei
作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; City College of New York (CUNY); University of Wolverhampton; City University of New York (CUNY) System; Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL)
摘要：We report a neutron spin echo (NSE) study of the nanoscale dynamics of the cell-cell adhesion cadherin-catenin complex bound to vinculin. Our measurements and theoretical physics analyses of the NSE data reveal that the dynamics of full- length c- catenin, f3- catenin, and vinculin residing in the cadherin-catenin-vinculin complex become activated, involving nanoscale motions in this complex. The cadherin-catenin complex is the central component of the cell-cell adherens junction (AJ) and is f...
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作者：Gabriel, Rodney A.; Litake, Onkar; Simpson, Sierra; Burton, Brittany N.; Waterman, Ruth S.; Macias, Alvaro A.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：The assessment of social determinants of health (SDoH) within healthcare systems is crucial for comprehensive patient care and addressing health disparities. Current challenges arise from the limited inclusion of structured SDoH information within electronic health record (EHR) systems, often due to the lack of standardized diagnosis codes. This study delves into the transformative potential of large language models (LLM) to overcome these challenges. LLM-based classifiers-using Bidirectional ...
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作者：Goupil, Louise; Dautriche, Isabelle; Denman, Katherine; Henry, Zion; Marriott-Haresign, Ira; Wass, Sam
作者单位：Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Savoie Mont Blanc; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Aix-Marseille Universite; University of East London
摘要：We know little about the mechanisms through which leader-follower dynamics during dyadic play shape infants' language acquisition. We hypothesized that infants' decisions to visually explore a specific object signal focal increases in endogenous attention, and that when caregivers respond to these proactive behaviors by naming the object it boosts infants' word learning. To examine this, we invited caregivers and their 14- mo- old infants to play with novel objects, before testing infants' ret...
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作者：Strome, Susan; Mcintosh, J. Richard
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
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作者：Ohman, Michael S.; Albright, Emily R.; Gelbmann, Christopher B.; Kalejta, Robert F.
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：The Pentamer complex of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) consists of the viral glycoproteins gH, gL, UL128, UL130, and UL131 and is incorporated into infectious virions. HCMV strains propagated extensively in vitro in fibroblasts carry UL128, UL130, or UL131 alleles that do not make a functional complex and thus lack Pentamer function. Adding functional Pentamer to such strains decreases virus growth in fibroblasts. Here, we show that the Pentamer inhibits productive HCMV replication in fibroblast...
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作者：Jiang, Jinghua; Isaac, Oluwafemi; Wang, Xinyu; Asilehan, Zhawure; Tang, Wentao; Zhang, Jing; Chen, Zijun; Wang, Ruijie; Ranabhat, Kamal; Zhang, Rui; Peng, Chenhui
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; University of Memphis; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
摘要：Entanglement in a soft condensed matter system is enabled in the form of entangled disclination lines by using colloidal particles in nematic liquid crystals. These topological excitations are manifested as colloidal entanglement at equilibrium. How to further utilize nonequilibrium disclination lines to manipulate colloidal entanglement remains a nontrivial and challenging task. In this work, we use experiments and simulations to demonstrate the reconfigurations of nematic colloidal entanglem...
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作者：Silverman, David M.; Hernandez, Ivan A.; Schneider, Marlis; Ryan, Rebecca M.; Kalil, Ariel; Destin, Mesmin; Fiske, Susan
作者单位：Northwestern University; California State University System; California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Georgetown University; University of Chicago; Northwestern University; Northwestern University
摘要：Creating opportunities for people to achieve socioeconomic mobility is a widely shared societal goal. Paradoxically, however, achieving this goal can pose a threat to high- socioeconomic- status (SES) people as they look to maintain their privileged positions in society for both them and their children. Two studies evaluate whether this threat manifests as opportunity hoarding in which high-SES parents adopt attitudes and behaviors aimed at shoring up their families' access to valuable educati...
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作者：Tareque, Inara S.; Guzman, Jorge; Wang, Dan
作者单位：Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Immigrants are highly entrepreneurial. But, what is the broader relationship between high-skilled immigration and regional entrepreneurship activity beyond the ventures that immigrants establish themselves? Using administrative data on newly awarded H-1B visas in the United States, we document a positive relationship between high- skilled immigration and regional entrepreneurship. A doubling of immigrants to a metropolitan statistical area is followed by a 6% increase in entrepreneurship withi...
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作者：Fernandez- Fernandez, Rocio; Olivenza, David R.; Weyer, Esther; Singh, Abhyudai; Casadesus, Josep; Sanchez-Romero, Maria Antonia
作者单位：University of Sevilla; University of Sevilla; University of Delaware; University of Delaware
摘要：Epigenetic mechanisms can generate bacterial lineages capable of spontaneously switching between distinct phenotypes. Currently, mathematical models and simulations propose epigenetic switches as a mechanism of adaptation to deal with fluctuating environments. However, bacterial evolution experiments for testing these predictions are lacking. Here, we exploit an epigenetic switch in Salmonella enterica, the opvAB operon, to show clear evidence that OpvAB bistability persists in changing enviro...
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作者：Acacio, Marta; Gahm, Kaija; Anglister, Nili; Vaadia, Gideon; Hatzofe, Ohad; Harel, Roi; Efrat, Ron; Nathan, Ran; Pinter-Wollman, Noa; Spiegel, Orr
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Max Planck Society; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：Studying the mechanisms shaping age- related changes in behavior (behavioral aging) is important for understanding population dynamics in our changing world. Yet, studies that capture within- individual behavioral changes in wild populations of long- lived animals are still scarce. Here, we used a 15- y GPS- tracking dataset of a social obligate scavenger, the griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus), to investigate age- related changes in movement and social behaviors, and disentangle the role of behavi...
