2024

最新文章

• Endurance athletes hiding in plain sight in the high Andes AI翻译
  作者：Cadena, Carlos Daniel
  作者单位：Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
• Quantum computation of stopping power for inertial fusion target design AI翻译
  作者：Rubin, Nicholas C.; Berry, Dominic W.; Kononov, Alina; Malone, Fionn D.; Khattar, Tanuj; White, Alec; Lee, Joonho; Neven, Hartmut; Babbush, Ryan; Baczewski, Andrew D.
  作者单位：Alphabet Inc.; Google Incorporated; Macquarie University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Sandia National Laboratories; Harvard University
  摘要：Stopping power is the rate at which a material absorbs the kinetic energy of a charged particle passing through it-one of many properties needed over a wide range of thermodynamic conditions in modeling inertial fusion implosions. First -principles stopping calculations are classically challenging because they involve the dynamics of large electronic systems far from equilibrium, with accuracies that are particularly difficult to constrain and assess in the warm -dense conditions preceding ign...
• In vivo whole- cortex marker of excitation- inhibition ratio indexes cortical maturation and cognitive ability in youth AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Shaoshi; Larsen, Bart; Sydnor, Valerie J.; Zeng, Tianchu; An, Lijun; Yan, Xiaoxuan; Kong, Ru; Kong, Xiaolu; Gur, Ruben C.; Gur, Raquel E.; Moore, Tyler M.; Wolf, Daniel H.; Holmes, Avram J.; Xie, Yapei; Zhou, Juan Helen; Fortier, Marielle V.; Tan, Ai Peng; Gluckman, Peter; Chong, Yap Seng; Meaney, Michael J.; Deco, Gustavo; Satterthwaite, Theodore D.; Yeo, B. T. Thomas
  作者单位：National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Pennsylvania; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Yale University; KK Women's & Children's Hospital; Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR); A*STAR - Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS); National University of Singapore; University of Auckland; National University of Singapore; McGill University; University of Barcelona; Pompeu Fabra University; ICREA; University of Barcelona; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital
  摘要：A balanced excitation- inhibition ratio (E/I ratio) is critical for healthy brain function. Normative development of cortex- wide E/I ratio remains unknown. Here, we noninvasively estimate a putative marker of whole- cortex E/I ratio by fitting a large- scale biophysically plausible circuit model to resting- state functional MRI (fMRI) data. We first confirm that our model generates realistic brain dynamics in the Human Connectome Project. Next, we show that the estimated E/I ratio marker is s...
• Ketamine can produce oscillatory dynamics by engaging mechanisms dependent on the kinetics of NMDA receptors AI翻译
  作者：Adam, Elie; Kowalski, Marek; Akeju, Oluwaseun; Miller, Earl K.; Brown, Emery N.; McCarthy, Michelle M.; Kopell, Nancy
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston University; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
  摘要：Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor antagonist that produces sedation, analgesia, and dissociation at low doses and profound unconsciousness with antinociception at high doses. At high and low doses, ketamine can generate gamma oscillations ( > 25 Hz) in the electroencephalogram (EEG). The gamma oscillations are interrupted by slow -delta oscillations (0.1 to 4 Hz) at high doses. Ketamine's primary molecular targets and its oscillatory dynamics have been characterized. However,...
• Dual role of the peptide- loading complex as proofreader and limiter of MHC- I presentation AI翻译
  作者：Brunnberg, Jamina; Barends, Martina; Fruehschulz, Stefan; Winter, Christian; Battin, Claire; de Wet, Ben; Cole, David K.; Steinberger, Peter; Tampe, Robert
  作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt; Medical University of Vienna
  摘要：Antigen presentation via major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC- I) molecules is essential for surveillance by the adaptive immune system. Central to this process is the peptide- loading complex (PLC), which translocates peptides from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum and catalyzes peptide loading and proofreading of peptide- MHC- I (pMHC- I) complexes. Despite its importance, the impact of individual PLC components on the presented pMHC- I complexes is still insufficiently under...
• Controlled pathways and sequential information processing in serially coupled mechanical hysterons AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Jingran; Teunisse, Margot; Korovin, George; Vermaire, Ivo R.; Jin, Lishuai; Bense, Hadrien; van Hecke, Martin
  作者单位：Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Xi'an Jiaotong University; AMOLF; Universite Libre de Bruxelles
  摘要：The complex sequential response of frustrated materials results from the interactions between material bits called hysterons. Hence, a central challenge is to understand and control these interactions, so that materials with targeted pathways and functionalities can be realized. Here, we show that hysterons in serial configurations experience geometrically controllable antiferromagnetic-like interactions. We create hysteronbased metamaterials that leverage these interactions to realize targete...
• Dark continuous noise from mutant G90D-rhodopsin predominantly underlies congenital stationary night blindness AI翻译
  作者：Chai, Zuying; Ye, Yaqing; Silverman, Daniel; Rose, Kasey; Madura, Alana; Reed, Randall R.; Chen, Jeannie; Yau, King-Wai
  作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; University of Southern California; Johns Hopkins University
  摘要：Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) is an inherited retinal disease that causes a profound loss of rod sensitivity without severe retinal degeneration. One well-studied rhodopsin point mutant, G90D-Rho, is thought to cause CSNB because of its constitutive activity in darkness causing rod desensitization. However, the nature of this constitutive activity and its precise molecular source have not been resolved for almost 30 y. In this study, we made a knock-in ( KI) mouse line with a ve...
• Three- component systems represent a common pathway for extracytoplasmic addition of pentofuranose sugars into bacterial glycans AI翻译
  作者：Kelly, Steven D.; Ha Duong, Nam; Nothof, Jeremy T.; Lowary, Todd L.; Whitfield, Chris
  作者单位：University of Guelph; Academia Sinica - Taiwan; Academia Sinica - Taiwan; National Tsing Hua University; University of Alberta; National Taiwan University
  摘要：Cell surface glycans are major drivers of antigenic diversity in bacteria. The biochemistry and molecular biology underpinning their synthesis are important in understanding host-pathogen interactions and for vaccine development with emerging chemoenzymatic and glycoengineering approaches. Structural diversity in glycostructures arises from the action of glycosyltransferases (GTs) that use an immense catalog of activated sugar donors to build the repeating unit and modifying enzymes that add f...
• Transient Zn 2+deficiency induces replication stress and compromises daughter cell proliferation AI翻译
  作者：Holtzen, Samuel E.; Navid, Elnaz; Kainov, Joseph D.; Palmer, Amy E.
  作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
  摘要：Cells must replicate their genome quickly and accurately, and they require metabolites and cofactors to do so. Ionic zinc (Zn 2+ ) is an essential micronutrient that is required for hundreds of cellular processes, including DNA synthesis and adequate proliferation. Deficiency in this micronutrient impairs DNA synthesis and inhibits proliferation, but the mechanism is unknown. Using fluorescent reporters to track single cells via long - term live - cell imaging, we find that Zn 2+ is required a...
• Thermodynamic consistency of autocatalytic cycles AI翻译
  作者：Kosc, Thomas; Kuperberg, Denis; Rajon, Etienne; Charlat, Sylvain
  作者单位：VetAgro Sup; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon (ENS de LYON); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
  摘要：Autocatalysis is seen as a potential key player in the origin of life, and perhaps more generally in the emergence of Darwinian dynamics. Building on recent formalizations of this phenomenon, we tackle the computational challenge of exhaustively detecting minimal autocatalytic cycles (autocatalytic cores) in reaction networks and further evaluate the impact of thermodynamic constraints on their realization under mass action kinetics. We first characterize the complexity of the detection proble...