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作者：Craig, William; van Ittersum, Jan-Willem; Ono, Ken
作者单位：United States Department of Defense; United States Navy; United States Naval Academy; University of Cologne; University of Virginia
摘要：We show that integer partitions, the fundamental building blocks in additive number theory, detect prime numbers in an unexpected way. Answering a question of Schneider, we show that the primes are the solutions to special equations in partition functions. For example, an integer n >= 2 is prime if and only if (3n(3) - 13n(2) + 18n 8)M-1 (n)+(12n(2) 120n + 212)M-2 (n) 960M(3) (n) = 0, where the M-a(n) are MacMahon's well-studied partition functions. More generally, for MacMahonesque partition ...
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作者：Logan, Amanda L.; Chouin, Gerard L.; Ogunfolakan, Adisa B.; Lally, Shannon; Kuma, Dela; Kuto, Eli; Bell, Kristina; Rosenzweig, Melissa S.; Beldados, Alemseged
作者单位：Northwestern University; William & Mary; Obafemi Awolowo University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：This study reports the earliest directly dated occurrence of archaeological wheat and cotton in the humid forests of West Africa. These are the first archaeobotanical results from the medieval urban center of Ile- Ife, southwestern Nigeria, best known for its famous artworks. Both wheat and cotton likely spread through trans- Saharan trade networks that laid the foundation for later European trade systems. Forty- eight (48) grains of free- threshing wheat (Triticum aestivum/durum) represent th...
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作者：Ryu, Jisu; Yeola, Sarang; Jonas, David M.
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：We present Einstein coefficient spectra and a detailed-balance derivation of generalized Einstein relations between them that is based on the connection between spontaneous and stimulated emission. If two broadened levels or bands overlap in energy, transitions between them need not be purely absorptive or emissive. Consequently, spontaneous emission can occur in both transition directions, and four Einstein coefficient spectra replace the three Einstein coefficients for a line. At equilibrium...
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作者：Xiang, Zhiyuan; Hou, Guixue; Zheng, Shanliang; Lu, Minqiao; Li, Tianyu; Lin, Qingyu; Liu, Hao; Wang, Xingwen; Guan, Tianqi; Wei, Yuhan; Zhang, Wenxin; Zhang, Yi; Liu, Chaoran; Li, Li; Lei, Qun-ying; Hu, Ying
作者单位：Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI); Harbin Medical University; Fudan University; Fudan University
摘要：Proteostasis and genomic integrity are respectively regulated by the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) and DNA damage repair signaling pathways, with both pathways essential for carcinogenesis and drug resistance. How these signaling pathways coordinate with each other remains unexplored. We found that ER stress specifically induces the DNA-PKcs-regulated nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway to amend DNA damage and impede cell death. Intriguingly, sustained ER str...
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作者：Zhao, Manshu; Wang, Xinhua; Wang, Shuguang; Lu, Wenhui; He, Maoxia; Gao, Mingming
作者单位：Shandong University; Shandong University; Shandong University; Qilu University of Technology; Shandong University
摘要：Homogenous advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on transition metal catalysts toward the activation of H2O2 to hydroxyl radical (center dot OH) have been widely applied to organic pollutants removal, such as Fenton and Fenton- like processes. These transition metal catalysts mostly flocculate as the pH increases. It's worth noting that the formed transition metal flocs are complex heterogeneous aggregations with active substances, providing diverse reaction spaces and interfaces. However,...
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作者：Schlissel, Gavin; Meziane, Miram; Narducci, Domenic; Hansen, Anders S.; Li, Pulin
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Whitehead Institute; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute
摘要：Animals use a small number of morphogens to pattern tissues, but it is unclear how evolution modulates morphogen signaling range to match tissues of varying sizes. Here, we used single- molecule imaging in reconstituted morphogen gradients and in tissue explants to determine that Hedgehog diffused extracellularly as a monomer, and rapidly transitioned between membrane- confined and - unconfined states. Unexpectedly, the vertebrate- specific protein SCUBE1 expanded Hedgehog gradients by acceler...
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作者：Todd, Tyson D.; Vithani, Neha; Singh, Sukrit; Bowman, Gregory R.; Blumer, Kendall J.; Soranno, Andrea
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); University of Pennsylvania; Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：Inhibitors of heterotrimeric G proteins are being developed as therapeutic agents. Epitomizing this approach are YM-254890 (YM) and FR900359 (FR), which are efficacious in models of thrombosis, hypertension, obesity, asthma, uveal melanoma, and pain, and under investigation as an FR- antibody conjugate in uveal melanoma clinical trials. YM/FR inhibits the Gq/11/14 subfamily by interfering with GDP (guanosine diphosphate) release, but by an unknown biophysical mechanism. Here, we show that YM i...
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作者：Yeung, Jonas; Deyoung, Taylor; Spring, Shoshana; Guzman, A. Elizabeth de; Elder, Madeline W.; Beauchamp, Antoine; Wong, C. Shun; Palmert, Mark R.; Lerch, Jason P.; Nieman, Brian J.
作者单位：University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids); University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids); University of Toronto; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia - IIT; University of Toronto; Sunnybrook Research Institute; Sunnybrook Health Science Center; University of Toronto; University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids); University of Toronto; University of Toronto; University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids); University of Oxford; University of Oxford; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; University of Toronto
摘要：The course of normal development and response to pathology are strongly influenced by biological sex. For instance, female childhood cancer survivors who have undergone cranial radiation therapy (CRT) tend to display more pronounced cognitive deficits than their male counterparts. Sex effects can be the result of sex chromosome complement (XX vs. XY) and/or gonadal hormone influence. The contributions of each can be separated using the four- core genotype mouse model (FCG), where sex chromosom...
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作者：Li, Jiaxin; Xu, Chengxin; Xu, Zifu; Xu, Guoqiang; Yang, Shuihua; Liu, Kaipeng; Chen, Jianfeng; Li, Tianlong; Qiu, Cheng - Wei
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Harbin Institute of Technology
摘要：The topological physics has sparked intensive investigations into topological lattices in photonic, acoustic, and mechanical systems, powering counterintuitive effects otherwise inaccessible with usual settings. Following the success of these endeavors in classical wave dynamics, there has been a growing interest in establishing their topological counterparts in diffusion. Here, we propose an additional real- space dimension in diffusion, and the system eigenvalues are transformed from imagina...
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作者：Nishio, Haruki; Ramirez, Dora L. Cano-; Muranaka, Tomoaki; Dantas, Liiza Lane de Barros; Honjo, Mie N.; Sugisaka, Jiro; Kudoh, Hiroshi; Dodd, Antony N.
作者单位：Kyoto University; Shiga University; University of Cambridge; University of Bristol; Nagoya University; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); John Innes Center
摘要：Plants sense and respond to environmental cues during 24 h fluctuations in their environment. This requires the integration of internal cues such as circadian timing with environmental cues such as light and temperature to elicit cellular responses through signal transduction. However, the integration and transduction of circadian and environmental signals by plants growing in natural environments remains poorly understood. To gain insights into 24 h dynamics of environmental signaling in natu...
