2024

最新文章

• A model for collagen secretion by intercompartmental continuities AI翻译
  作者：Bunel, Louis; Pincet, Lancelot; Malhotra, Vivek; Raote, Ishier; Pincet, Frederic
  作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Sorbonne Universite; Universite Paris Cite; Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); Universite Paris Saclay; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology; Pompeu Fabra University; Centre de Regulacio Genomica (CRG); Pompeu Fabra University; ICREA; Universite Paris Cite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
  摘要：Newly synthesized secretory proteins are exported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) at specialized subcompartments called exit sites (ERES). Cargoes like procollagen are too large for export by the standard COPII- coated vesicle of 60 nm average diameter. We have previously suggested that procollagen is transported from the ER to the next secretory organelle, the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC), in TANGO1- dependent interorganelle tunnels. In the theoretical model presented here, w...
• Epithelial tubule interconnection driven by HGF- Met signaling in the kidney AI翻译
  作者：Lopez-Garcia, Isabel; Oh, Sunhee; Chaney, Christopher; Tsunezumi, Jun; Drummond, Iain; Oxburgh, Leif; Carroll, Thomas J.; Marciano, Denise K.
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Kanagawa Prefectural Cancer Center; Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory
  摘要：The formation of functional epithelial tubules is critical for the development and maintenance of many organ systems. While the mechanisms of tubule formation by epithelial cells are well studied, the process of tubule anastomosis-where tubules connect to form a continuous network-remains poorly understood. In this study, we utilized single- cell RNA sequencing to analyze embryonic mouse kidney tubules undergoing anastomosis. Our analysis identified hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as a key pote...
• Repeated global adaptation across plant species AI翻译
  作者：Nocchi, Gabriele; Whiting, James R.; Yeaman, Samuel
  作者单位：University of Calgary
  摘要：Global adaptation occurs when all populations of a species undergo selection toward a common optimum. This can occur by a hard selective sweep with the emergence of a new globally advantageous allele that spreads throughout a species' natural range until reaching fixation. This evolutionary process leaves a temporary trace in the region affected, which is detectable using population genomic methods. While selective sweeps have been identified in many species, there have been few comparative an...
• Climbing the scala energiae: The cost of growing animals great and small AI翻译
  作者：Szathmary, Eoers
• Fast- chargeable lithium- ion batteries by μ- Si anode- tailored full- cell design AI翻译
  作者：Lee, Taeyong; Seong, Min Ji; Ahn, Hyo Chul; Baek, Minsung; Park, Kiho; Oh, Jihoon; Choi, Taehoon; Choi, Jang Wook
  作者单位：Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU)
  摘要：Silicon (Si) anodes have long been recognized to significantly improve the energy density and fast- charging capability of lithium- ion batteries (LIBs). However, the implementation of these anodes in commercial LIB cells has progressed incrementally due to the immense volume change of Si across its full state- of- charge (SOC) range. Here, we report an anode- tailored full- cell design (ATFD), which incorporates micrometer- sized silicon (mu- Si) alone, for operation over a limited, prespecif...
• Dark continuous noise from visual pigment as a major mechanism underlying rod-cone difference in light sensitivity AI翻译
  作者：Chai, Zuying; Silverman, Daniel; Li, Sihan; Bina, Parinaz; Yau, King - Wai
  作者单位：Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University
  摘要：Retinal rods and cones underlie scotopic and photopic vision, respectively. Their pigments exhibit spontaneous isomerizations (quantal noise) in darkness due to intrinsic thermal energy. This quantal noise, albeit exceedingly low in rods, dictates the light threshold for scotopic vision. The same quantal noise in cones, however, is too low to explain the much higher diurnal light threshold. Separately, a dark continuous noise is present in rods, long accepted to originate from an intrinsic ran...
• Electrocalcium coupling in brain capillaries: Rapidly traveling electrical signals ignite local calcium signals AI翻译
  作者：Mughal, Amreen; Hennig, Grant W.; Heppner, Thomas; Tsoukias, Nikolaos M.; Hill-Eubanks, David; Nelson, Mark T.
  作者单位：University of Vermont; State University System of Florida; Florida International University; University of Manchester; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI); NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
  摘要：The routing of blood flow throughout the brain vasculature is precisely controlled by mechanisms that serve to maintain a fine balance between local neuronal demands and vascular supply of nutrients. We recently identified two capillary endothelial cell (cEC)-based mechanisms that control cerebral blood flow in vivo: 1) electrical signaling, mediated by extracellular K+- dependent activation of strong inward rectifying K+ (Kir2.1) channels, which are steeply activated by hyperpolarization and ...
• Inertia- induced mixing and reaction maximization in laminar porous media flows AI翻译
  作者：Chen, Michael A.; Lee, Sang Hyun; Kang, Peter K.
  作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
  摘要：Solute transport and biogeochemical reactions in porous and fractured media flows are controlled by mixing, as are subsurface engineering operations such as contaminant remediation, geothermal energy production, and carbon sequestration. Porous media flows are generally regarded as slow, so the effects of fluid inertia on mixing and reaction are typically ignored. Here, we demonstrate through microfluidic experiments and numerical simulations of mixing- induced reaction that inertial recircula...
• Estimates of optimal supplies of animal- sourced foods differ by food system goal and socioeconomic context AI翻译
  作者：White, Robin R.; Hall, Mary Beth
  作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
  摘要：Reduced consumption of animal- sourced food (ASF) has been recommended for environmental and human health objectives; however, ASF can be important for food security and diet affordability. We explored country- level relationships among various metrics of food supply, socioeconomic context, food security, diet affordability, and agricultural greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) to characterize how optimal inclusion ranges for ASF vary with socioeconomic factors and food system goals. Data from 2015...
• Amino acids modulate liquid-liquid phase separation in vitro and in vivo by regulating protein-protein interactions AI翻译
  作者：Xu, Xufeng; Rebane, Aleksander A.; Julia, Laura Roset; Rosowski, Kathryn A.; Dufresne, Eric R.; Stellacci, Francesco
  作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi; Cornell University; Cornell University; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
  摘要：Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is an intracellular process widely used by cells for many key biological functions. It occurs in complex and crowded environments, where amino acids (AAs) are vital components. We have found that AAs render the net interaction between proteins more repulsive. Here, we find that some AAs efficiently suppress LLPS in test tubes (in vitro). We then screen all the proteinogenic AAs and find that three specific AAs, including proline, glutamine, and glycine, si...