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作者：Zhang, Yiming; Zhang, Haotian; Wu, Yufeng
作者单位：University of Connecticut
摘要：The genome of an individual from an admixed population consists of segments originated from different ancestral populations. Most existing ancestry inference approaches focus on calling these segments for the extant individual. In this paper, we present a general ancestry inference approach for inferring recent ancestors from an extant genome. Given the genome of an individual from a recently admixed population, our method can estimate the proportions of the genomes of the recent ancestors of ...
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作者：Allgower, Friederike; Poverlein, Maximilian C.; Rutherford, A. William; Kaila, Ville R. I.
作者单位：Stockholm University; Imperial College London
摘要：Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes light- driven water oxidation that releases dioxygen into our atmosphere and provides the electrons needed for the synthesis of biomass. The catalysis occurs in the oxygen- evolving oxo- manganese- calcium (Mn4O5Ca) cluster that drives the oxidation and deprotonation of substrate water molecules leading to the O2 formation. However, despite recent advances, the mechanism of these reactions remains unclear and much debated. Here, we show that the light- driven Ty...
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作者：Roh, Jae Won; Gee, Heon Yung; Wainger, Brian; Kim, Woo Kyung; Lee, Wook; Nam, Joo Hyun
作者单位：Yonsei University; Yonsei University Health System; Dongguk University; Dongguk University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Dongguk University; Kangwon National University
摘要：TMEM16A is a calcium- activated chloride channel with significant role in epithelial fluid secretion, sensory transduction, and smooth muscle contraction. Several TMEM16A inhibitors have been identified; however, their binding sites and inhibitory mechanisms remain unclear. Using magnolol and honokiol, the two regioisomeric inhibitors, as chemical probes, we have identified a drug- binding site distinct from the pore region, in TMEM16A, which is described here. With electrophysiology, unbiased...
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作者：Bernabe, Miguel; Watt, Fiona M.
作者单位：University of London; King's College London; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)
摘要：Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a subtype of head and neck cancer that arises in the multilayered epithelia of the mouth and lips. Although inactivating mutations in CASP8 are frequently found in human OSCC their role in the disease is unknown. To investigate this, we deleted Casp8 in the oral epithelium of adult mice. Loss of Caspase- 8 resulted in defects in the tongue epithelial barrier and triggered a neutrophil- rich immune infiltrate distinct from that observed on epidermal Casp8 ...
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作者：Iordana, Coraline Rinn; Ritvo, Victoria J. H.; Norman, Kenneth A.; Turk-Browne, Nicholas B.; Cohen, Jonathan D.
作者单位：University of Rochester; University of Rochester; Princeton University; Yale University
摘要：Learning requires changing the brain. This typically occurs through experience, study, or instruction. We report an alternate route for humans to acquire visual knowledge, through the direct sculpting of activity patterns in the human brain that mirror those expected to arise through learning. We used neurofeedback from closed- loop real- time functional MRI to create new categories of visual objects in the brain, without the participants' explicit awareness. After neural sculpting, participan...
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作者：Theeuwen, Tom P. J. M.; Wijfjes, Raul Y.; Dorussen, Delfi; Lawson, Aaron W.; Lind, Jorrit; Jin, Kaining; Boekeloo, Janhenk; Tijink, Dillian; Hall, David; Hanhart, Corrie; Becker, Frank F. M.; van Eeuwijk, Fred A.; Kramer, David M.; Wijnker, Erik; Harbinson, Jeremy; Koornneef, Maarten; Aarts, Mark G. M.
作者单位：Wageningen University & Research; Wageningen University & Research; Michigan State University; Wageningen University & Research; Wageningen University & Research; University of Munich; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); John Innes Center; Max Planck Society; Wageningen University & Research; Wageningen University & Research
摘要：Efforts to improve photosynthetic performance are increasingly employing natural genetic variation. However, genetic variation in the organellar genomes (plasmotypes) is often disregarded due to the difficulty of studying the plasmotypes and the lack of evidence that this is a worthwhile investment. Here, we systematically phenotyped plasmotype diversity using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model species. A reanalysis of whole- genome resequencing data of 1,541 representative accessions shows that ...
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作者：Bose, Anjan
作者单位：Washington State University
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作者：Mouchlis, Varnavas D.; Hsu, Yuan-Hao; Hayashi, Daiki; Cao, Jian; Li, Sheng; Mccammon, J. Andrew; Dennis, Edward A.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Kobe University; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Group VIA calcium- independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) is a member of the PLA2 superfamily that exhibits calcium- independent activity in contrast to the other two major types, secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), which both require calcium for their enzymatic activity. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been reported to allosterically activate iPLA2, and this has now been verified with a lipidomics-based mixed- micelle assay, but its mechanism of action has...
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作者：Verta, Jukka- Pekka; Moustakas-Verho, Jacqueline E.; Donner, Iikki; Frapin, Morgane; Ruokolainen, Annukka; Debes, Paul, V; Erkinaro, Jaakko; Primmer, Craig R.
作者单位：University of Helsinki; Nord University; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); University of Helsinki
摘要：Understanding the processes that link genotype to phenotype is a central challenge in biology. Despite progress in discovering genes associated with ecologically relevant traits, a poor understanding of the processes and functions via which molecules mediate evolutionary differences leaves us critically far from linking proximate and ultimate causes of evolution. This knowledge gap is particularly large in multifaceted phenotypes of ecological relevance such as life histories where multiple tr...
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作者：Xue, Kai; Shekhar, Medha; Rahnev, Dobromir
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
摘要：The Bayesian confidence hypothesis (BCH), which postulates that confidence reflects the posterior probability that a decision is correct, is currently the most prominent theory of confidence. Although several recent studies have found evidence against it in the context of relatively complex tasks, BCH remains dominant for simpler tasks. The major alternative to BCH is the confidence in raw evidence space (CRES) hypothesis, according to which confidence is based directly on the raw sensory evid...
