2024

最新文章

• Inactivation of face-selective neurons alters eye movements when free viewing faces AI翻译
  作者：Azadi, Reza; Lopez, Emily; Taubert, Jessica; Patterson, Amanda; Afraz, Arash
  作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); University of Queensland
  摘要：During free viewing, faces attract gaze and induce specific fixation patterns corresponding to the facial features. This suggests that neurons encoding the facial features are in the causal chain that steers the eyes. However, there is no physiological evidence to support a mechanistic link between face-encoding neurons in high-level visual areas and the oculomotor system. In this study, we targeted the middle face patches of the inferior temporal (IT) cortex in two macaque monkeys using an fu...
• Neural heterogeneity controls computations in spiking neural networks AI翻译
  作者：Gast, Richard; Solla, Sara A.; Kennedy, Ann
  作者单位：Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine
  摘要：The brain is composed of complex networks of interacting neurons that express considerable heterogeneity in their physiology and spiking characteristics. How does this neural heterogeneity influence macroscopic neural dynamics, and how might it contribute to neural computation? In this work, we use a mean-field model to investigate computation in heterogeneous neural networks, by studying how the heterogeneity of cell spiking thresholds affects three key computational functions of a neural pop...
• Selection pressures on evolution of ribonuclease H explored with rigorous free-energy-based design AI翻译
  作者：Hayes, Ryan L.; Nixon, Charlotte F.; Marqusee, Susan; Brooks III, Charles L.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
  摘要：Understanding natural protein evolution and designing novel proteins are motivating interest in development of high-throughput methods to explore large sequence spaces. In this work, we demonstrate the application of multisite lambda dynamics (MS lambda D), a rigorous free energy simulation method, and chemical denaturation experiments to quantify evolutionary selection pressure from sequence-stability relationships and to address questions of design. This study examines a mesophilic phylogene...
• Cryo-EM structure and functional landscape of an RNA polymerase ribozyme AI翻译
  作者：Mcrae, Ewan K. S.; Wan, Christopher J. K.; Kristoffersen, Emil L.; Hansen, Kalinka; Gianni, Edoardo; Gallego, Isaac; Curran, Joseph F.; Attwater, James; Holliger, Philipp; Anderse, Ebbe S.
  作者单位：Aarhus University; MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology
  摘要：The emergence of an RNA replicase capable of self-replication is considered an important stage in the origin of life. RNA polymerase ribozymes (PR) - including a variant that uses trinucleotide triphosphates (triplets) as substrates - have been created by in vitro evolution and are the closest functional analogues of the replicase, but the structural basis for their function is poorly understood. Here we use single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and high-throughput mutation a...
• A predisposed motor bias shapes individuality in vocal learning AI翻译
  作者：Toji, Noriyuki; Sawai, Azusa; Wang, Hongdi; Ji, Yu; Sugioka, Rintaro; Go, Yasuhiro; Wada, Kazuhiro
  作者单位：Hokkaido University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Hokkaido University; National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) - Japan; The Exploratory Research Center on Life & Living Systems (ExCELLS); Graduate University for Advanced Studies - Japan; National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) - Japan; National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS); Hokkaido University
  摘要：The development of individuality during learned behavior is a common trait observed across animal species; however, the underlying biological mechanisms remain understood. Similar to human speech, songbirds develop individually unique songs with species-specific traits through vocal learning. In this study, we investigate the developmental and molecular mechanisms underlying individuality in vocal learning by utilizing F1 hybrid songbirds (Taeniopygia guttata cross with Taeniopygia bichenovii)...
• Development of prediction models to identify hotspots of schistosomiasis in endemic regions to guide mass drug administration AI翻译
  作者：Singer, Benjamin J.; Coulibaly, Jean T.; Park, Hailey J.; Andrews, Jason R.; Bogoch, Isaac I.; Lo, Nathan C.
  作者单位：Stanford University; Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny; Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Cote d'Ivoire (CSRS); University of Basel; Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute; University of Basel; University of Toronto
  摘要：Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting over 150 million people. Hotspots of Schistosoma transmission-communities where infection prevalence does not decline adequately with mass drug administration-present a key challenge in eliminating schistosomiasis. Current approaches to identify hotspots require evaluation 2-5 y after a baseline survey and subsequent mass drug administration. Here, we develop statistical models to predict hotspots at baseline prior to treatment comparin...
• Contingency, repeatability, and predictability in the evolution of a prokaryotic pangenome AI翻译
  作者：Beavan, Alan; Sananes, Maria Rosa Domingo -; Mcinerney, James O.
  作者单位：University of Nottingham; University of Nottingham
  摘要：Pangenomes exhibit remarkable variability in many prokaryotic species, much of which is maintained through the processes of horizontal gene transfer and gene loss. Repeated acquisitions of near- identical homologs can easily be observed across pangenomes, leading to the question of whether these parallel events potentiate similar evolutionary trajectories, or whether the remarkably different genetic backgrounds of the recipients mean that postacquisition evolutionary trajectories end up being ...
• Individuals who see the good in the bad engage distinctive default network coordination during post- encoding rest AI翻译
  作者：Iyer, Siddhant; Collier, Eleanor; Broom, Timothy W.; Finn, Emily S.; Meyer, Meghan L.
  作者单位：Columbia University; University of California System; University of California Riverside; Dartmouth College
  摘要：Focusing on the upside of negative events often promotes resilience. Yet, the underlying mechanisms that allow some people to spontaneously see the good in the bad remain unclear. The broaden- and- build theory of positive emotion has long suggested that positive affect, including positivity in the face of negative events, is linked to idiosyncratic thought patterns (i.e., atypical cognitive responses). Yet, evidence in support of this view has been limited, in part, due to difficulty in measu...
• A hybrid meta on- top functional for multiconfiguration pair- density functional theory AI翻译
  作者：Baoa, JieJ.; Zhang, Dayou; Zhang, Shaoting; Gagliardid, Laura; Truhlara, Donald G.
  作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Nankai University; University of Chicago; University of Chicago
  摘要：Multiconfiguration pair- density functional theory (MC-PDFT) was proposed a decade ago, but it is still in the early stage of density functional development. MC-PDFT uses functionals that are called on- top functionals; they depend on the density and the on- top pair density. Most MC-PDFT calculations to date have been unoptimized translations of generalized gradient approximations (GGAs) of Kohn-Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT). A hybrid MC-PDFT has also been developed, in which one in...
• Reply to Caruso Bavisotto et al.: Toward exploring the potential of muscle- secreting exosomes in the muscle-brain axis AI翻译
  作者：Huang, Kai - Yu; Chung, Hee Jung; Kong, Hyunjoon
  作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI)