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作者：Uneme, Yuta; Maeda, Ryu; Nakayama, Gen; Narita, Haruka; Takeda, Naoki; Hiramatsu, Ryuji; Nishihara, Hidenori; Nakato, Ryuichiro; Kanai, Yoshiakira; Araki, Kimi; Siomi, Mikiko C.; Yamanaka, Soichiro
作者单位：University of Tokyo; University of Tokyo; Kumamoto University; University of Tokyo; Kindai University (Kinki University); University of Tokyo; Kumamoto University
摘要：To maintain fertility, male mice re- repress transposable elements (TEs) that were de- silenced in the early gonocytes before their differentiation into spermatogonia. However, the mechanism of TE silencing re- establishment remains unknown. Here, we found that the DNA- binding protein Morc1, in cooperation with the methyltransferase SetDB1, deposits the repressive histone mark H3K9me3 on a large fraction of activated TEs, leading to heterochromatin. Morc1 also triggers DNA methylation, but TE...
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作者：Mofidfar, Mohammad; Mehrgardi, Masoud A.; Xia, Yu; Zare, Richard N.
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Isfahan
摘要：Water microdroplets (7 to 11 mu m average diameter, depending on flow rate) are sprayed in a closed chamber at ambient temperature, whose relative humidity (RH) is controlled. The resulting concentration of ROS (reactive oxygen species) formed in the microdroplets, measured by the amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), is determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and by spectrofluorimetric assays after the droplets are collected. The results are found to agree closely with one another. In ad...
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作者：Jackman, William R.; Portillo, Lyn S. Miranda; Cox, Carol K.; Ambrosio, Alison; Gibert, Yann
作者单位：Bowdoin College; University of Mississippi; University of Mississippi Medical Center; University of Mississippi Medical Center; University of Mississippi
摘要：According to Dollo's Law of irreversibility in evolution, a lost structure is usually considered to be unable to reappear in evolution due to the accumulation over time of mutations in the genes required for its formation. Cypriniform fish are a classic model of evolutionary loss because, while they form fully operational teeth in the ventral posterior pharynx, unlike other teleosts, they do not possess oral teeth. Paleontological data show that Cypriniforms, a clade of teleost fish that inclu...
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作者：Sheppard, Sam; Srpan, Katja; Lin, Wendy; Lee, Mariah; Delconte, Rebecca B.; Owyong, Mark; Carmeliet, Peter; Davis, Daniel M.; Xavier, Joao B.; Hsu, Katharine C.; Sun, Joseph C.
作者单位：Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Imperial College London; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; KU Leuven; KU Leuven
摘要：Natural killer (NK) cells are a vital part of the innate immune system capable of rapidly clearing mutated or infected cells from the body and promoting an immune response. Here, we find that NK cells activated by viral infection or tumor challenge increase uptake of fatty acids and their expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1A), a critical enzyme for long - chain fatty acid oxidation. Using a mouse model with an NK cell-specific deletion of CPT1A, combined with stable 13C isotop...
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作者：Xu, Bincheng; Lin, Ze; Li, Fengting; Tao, Tao; Zhang, Gong; Wang, Ying
作者单位：Tongji University; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control & Ecological Security; Tsinghua University
摘要：The electro-Fenton process is a state-of-the-art water treatment technology used to remove organic contaminants. However, the low O-2 utilization efficiency (OUE, <1%) and high energy consumption remain the biggest obstacles to practical application. Here, we propose a local O-2 concentrating (LOC) approach to increase the OUE by over 11-fold compared to the conventional simple O-2 diffusion route. Due to the well-designed molecular structure, the LOC approach enables direct extraction of O-2 ...
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作者：Kenny, Christopher T.; McCartan, Cory; Simko, Tyler; Imai, Kosuke
作者单位：Harvard University; New York University; Harvard University
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作者：Gao, Jingxia; Skidmorea, Jennifer M.; Cimermana, Jelka; Ritter, K. Elaine; Qiu, Jingyun; Wilsond, Lindsey M. Q.; Raphaele, Yehoash; Kwanb, Kelvin Y.; Martin, Donna M.
作者单位：St Jude Children's Research Hospital; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Inner ear morphogenesis requires tightly regulated epigenetic and transcriptional control of gene expression. CHD7, an ATP- dependent chromodomain helicase DNA- binding protein, and SOX2, an SRY- related HMG box pioneer transcription factor, are known to contribute to vestibular and auditory system development, but their genetic interactions in the ear have not been explored. Here, we analyzed inner ear development and the transcriptional regulatory landscapes in mice with variable dosages of ...
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作者：Chen, Liang; Liu, Jun; Rastegarpouyani, Hosna; Janssen, Paul M. L.; Pinto, Jose R.; Taylor, Kenneth A.
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida State University; Yale University; Yale University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University
摘要：Heart muscle has the unique property that it can never rest; all cardiomyocytes contract ducing the required force. Thick filaments contain additional nonmyosin proteins, myosin- binding protein C and titin, the latter being the protein that transmits applied tension to the thick filament. How these three proteins interact to control thick filament activation is poorly understood. Here, we show using 3- D image reconstruction of frozen- hydrated human cardiac muscle myofibrils lacking exogenou...
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作者：Levring, Jesper; Chen, Jue
作者单位：Rockefeller University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Rockefeller University
摘要：The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a chloride channel that regulates transepithelial salt and fluid homeostasis. CFTR dysfunction leads to reduced chloride secretion into the mucosal lining of epithelial tissues, thereby causing the inherited disease cystic fibrosis. Although several structures of CFTR are available, our understanding of the ion- conduction pathway is incomplete. In particular, the route that connects the cytosolic vestibule with the extracellula...
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作者：Monego, Debora; Dutta, Sarit; Grossman, Doron; Krapez, Marion; Bauer, Pierre; Hubley, Austin; Mahler, Benoit; Widmer-Cooper, Asaph; Abecassis, Benjamin
作者单位：University of Sydney; University of Sydney; Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon (ENS de LYON); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Chemistry (INC); Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole Polytechnique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1
摘要：The ability of thin materials to shape-shift is a common occurrence that leads to dynamic pattern formation and function in natural and man-made structures. However, harnessing this concept to rationally design inorganic structures at the nanoscale has remained far from reach due to a lack of fundamental understanding of the essential physical components. Here, we show that the interaction between organic ligands and the nanocrystal surface is responsible for the full range of chiral shapes se...
