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作者：Swanson, Larry W.; Hahn, Joel D.; Sporns, Olaf
作者单位：University of Southern California; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
摘要：The vertebrate spinal cord (SP) is the long, thin extension of the brain forming the central nervous system's caudal sector. Functionally, the SP directly mediates motor and somatic sensory interactions with most parts of the body except the face, and it is the preferred model for analyzing relatively simple reflex behaviors. Here, we analyze the organization of axonal connections between the 50 gray matter regions forming the bilaterally symmetric rat SP. The assembled dataset suggests that t...
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作者：Zhang, Zheng; Meng, Yichen; Lin, Tao; Zhang, Zhanrong; Tao, Zhengbo; Yin, Haozan; Yang, Fu; Zhou, Xuhui
作者单位：Naval Medical University; Naval Medical University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
摘要：Long non- coding RNA (lncRNA) serves as a vital regulator of bone metabolism, but its role in pathologically overactive osteoclast differentiation remains elusive. Here, we identify lncRNA Dancr (Differentiation Antagonizing Non- protein Coding RNA) as a critical suppressor of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, which is down- regulated in response to estrogen deficiency. Global or osteoclast- specific Dancr Knockout mice display significant trabecular bone deterioration and enhanced osteo...
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作者：Dyballa, Luciano; Rudzite, Andra M.; Hoseini, Mahmood S.; Thapa, Mishek; Stryker, Michael P.; Field, Greg D.; Zucker, Steven W.
作者单位：Yale University; Duke University; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California Los Angeles Medical Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; Yale University
摘要：The retina and primary visual cortex (V1) both exhibit diverse neural populations sensitive to diverse visual features. Yet it remains unclear how neural populations in each area partition stimulus space to span these features. One possibility is that neural populations are organized into discrete groups of neurons, with each group signaling a particular constellation of features. Alternatively, neurons could be continuously distributed across feature-encoding space. To distinguish these possi...
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作者：Feng, Jue; Jang, Geunhyo; Esteva, Eduardo; Adams, Nicholas M.; Jin, Hua; Reizis, Boris
作者单位：New York University; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York University
摘要：The hierarchical model of hematopoiesis posits that self- renewing, multipotent hemato-poietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to all blood cell lineages. While this model accounts for hematopoiesis in transplant settings, its applicability to steady- state hematopoiesis remains to be clarified. Here, we used inducible clonal DNA barcoding of endogenous adult HSCs to trace their contribution to major hematopoietic cell lineages in unma-nipulated animals. While the majority of barcodes were unique ...
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作者：Lewis, Kim
作者单位：Northeastern University
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作者：Liu, Xiaolin; Tachiyama, Shoichi; Zhou, Xiaotian; Mathias, Rommel A.; Bonny, Sharmin Q.; Khan, Mohammad F.; Xin, Yue; Roujeinikova, Anna; Liu, Jun; Ottemann, Karen M.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Yale University; Yale University; Monash University; Monash University
摘要：Bacterial flagella and type IV pili (TFP) are surface appendages that enable motility and mechanosensing through distinct mechanisms. These structures were previously thought to have no components in common. Here, we report that TFP and some flagella share proteins PilO, PilN, and PilM, which we identified as part of the Helicobacter pylori flagellar motor. H. pylori mutants lacking PilO or PilN migrated better than wild type in semisolid agar because they continued swimming rather than aggreg...
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作者：Didier, Gustavo; Glatt-Holtz, Nathan E.; Holbrook, Andrew J.; Magee, Andrew F.; Suchard, Marc A.
作者单位：Tulane University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：The continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) is the mathematical workhorse of evolutionary biology. Learning CTMC model parameters using modern, gradientbased methods requires the derivative of the matrix exponential evaluated at the CTMC's infinitesimal generator (rate) matrix. Motivated by the derivative's extreme computational complexity as a function of state space cardinality, recent work demonstrates the surprising effectiveness of a naive, first-order approximation for a host of problems in ...
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作者：Gottlieb, Assaf; Pham, H. Phuong T.; Saltarrelli, Jerome G.; Lindsey, J. William
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Health Science Center Houston; University of Texas System; University of Texas Health Science Center Houston; University of Texas System; University of Texas Health Science Center Houston
摘要：Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has long been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), but the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of MS is not clear. Our hypothesis is that a major fraction of the expanded clones of T lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are specific for autologous EBV-infected B cells. We obtained blood and CSF samples from eight relapsing-remitting patients in the process of diagnosis. We stimulated cells from the blood with autologous EBV-infected lymphoblastoid cel...
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作者：Huang, Lin- Chien; Mckeown, Caroline R.; He, Hai- Yan; Ta, Aaron C.; Cline, Hollis T.
作者单位：Scripps Research Institute; Johnson & Johnson; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Georgetown University; Illumina
摘要：In developing Xenopus tadpoles, the optic tectum begins to receive patterned visual input while visuomotor circuits are still undergoing neurogenesis and circuit assembly. This visual input regulates neural progenitor cell fate decisions such that maintaining tadpoles in the dark increases proliferation, expanding the progenitor pool, while visual stimulation promotes neuronal differentiation. To identify regulators of activity- dependent neural progenitor cell fate, we profiled the transcript...
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作者：Viegas, Jennifer
