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作者：Deng, Xingguang; He, Ying; Tang, Xiaoya; Liu, Xianghong; Lee, Yuh- Ru Julie; Liu, Bo; Lin, Honghui
作者单位：Sichuan University; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：The kinetochore scaffold 1 (KNL1) protein recruits spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) proteins to ensure accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis. Despite such a conserved function among eukaryotic organisms, its molecular architectures have rapidly evolved so that the functional mode of plant KNL1 is largely unknown. To understand how SAC signaling is regulated at kinetochores, we characterized the function of the KNL1 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. The KNL1 protein was detected at kineto...
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作者：Bohacek, Matyas; Farid, Hany
作者单位：Stanford University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
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作者：Otsuka, Takayoshi; Kan, Ho-Man; Mengsteab, Paulos Y.; Tyson, Breajah; Laurencin, Cato T.
作者单位：University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut
摘要：Fatty expansion is one of the features of muscle degeneration due to muscle injuries, and its presence interferes with muscle regeneration. Specifically, poor clinical outcomes have been linked to fatty expansion in rotator cuff tears and repairs. Our group recently found that fibroblast growth factor 8b (FGF-8b) inhibits adipogenic differentiation and promotes myofiber formation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. This led us to hypoth-esize that FGF-8b could similarly control the fate of mus...
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作者：Simpson, Isla R.; McKinnon, Karen A.; Kennedy, Daniel; Lawrence, David M.; Lehner, Flavio; Seager, Richard
作者单位：National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) - USA; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Cornell University; Columbia University
摘要：Arid and semi-arid regions of the world are particularly vulnerable to greenhouse gas- driven hydroclimate change. Climate models are our primary tool for projecting the future hydroclimate that society in these regions must adapt to, but here, we present a concerning discrepancy between observed and model-based historical hydroclimate trends. Over the arid/semi-arid regions of the world, the predominant signal in all model simulations is an increase in atmospheric water vapor, on average, ove...
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作者：Rees-Baylis, Ella; Pen, Ida; Kreider, Jan J.
作者单位：University of Groningen; University of Bern
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作者：Syed, Adnan K.; Baral, Rishika; Van Vlack, Erik R.; Gil-Marques, Maria Luisa; Lenhart, Taliesin; Hooper, David C.; Kahne, Daniel; Losick, Richard; Bradshaw, Niels
作者单位：Harvard University; Brandeis University; Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
摘要：The bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus forms multicellular communities known as biofilms in which cells are held together by an extracellular matrix principally composed of repurposed cytoplasmic proteins and extracellular DNA. These biofilms assemble during infections or under laboratory conditions by growth on medium containing glucose, but the intracellular signal for biofilm formation and its downstream targets were unknown. Here, we present evidence that biofilm formation is trigger...
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作者：Sogues, Adria; Leigh, Kendra; Halingstad, Ethan, V; van der Verren, Sander E.; Cecil, Adam J.; Fioravanti, Antonella; Pak, Alexander J.; Kudryashev, Misha; Remaut, Han
作者单位：Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB); Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Max Planck Society; Goethe University Frankfurt; Helmholtz Association; Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine; Free University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin; Colorado School of Mines; Colorado School of Mines; Colorado School of Mines
摘要：Bacillus anthracis is a spore- forming gram- positive bacterium responsible for anthrax, an infectious disease with a high mortality rate and a target of concern due to bioterrorism and long- term site contamination. The entire surface of vegetative cells in exponential or stationary growth phase is covered in proteinaceous arrays called S- layers, composed of Sap or EA1 protein, respectively. The Sap S- layer represents an important virulence factor and cell envelope support structure whose p...
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作者：Hickey, Kelsey L.; Panov, Alexandra; Whelan, Enya Miguel; Schaefer, Tillman; Mizrak, Arda; Kopito, Ron R.; Baumeister, Wolfgang; Fernandez-Busnadiego, Ruben; Harper, J. Wade
作者单位：Pfizer; Pfizer USA; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Max Planck Society; Stanford University; University of Gottingen; UNIVERSITY GOTTINGEN HOSPITAL; University of Gottingen; University of Gottingen
摘要：A hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is the progressive loss of proteostasis, leading to the accumulation of misfolded proteins or protein aggregates, with subsequent cytotoxicity. To combat this toxicity, cells have evolved degradation pathways (ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy) that detect and degrade misfolded proteins. However, studying the underlying cellular pathways and mechanisms has remained a challenge, as formation of many types of protein aggregates is asynchrono...
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作者：Nikolov, Svetoslav; Ramakrishna, Kushal; Rohskopf, Andrew; Lokamani, Mani; Tranchida, Julien; Carpenter, John; Cangi, Attila; Mao, Ho-kwang
作者单位：United States Department of Energy (DOE); Sandia National Laboratories; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR); CEA
摘要：gather important elastic and transport properties needed to uncover key mechanisms surrounding the geodynamo effect. Herein, a machine-learned ab initio derived molecular-spin dynamics (MSD) methodology with explicit treatment for longitudinal spin-fluctuations is utilized to probe the dynamic phase-diagram of iron. This framework uniquely enables an accurate resolution of the phase-transition kinetics and Earth-core elastic properties, as highlighted by compressional wave velocity and adiabat...
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作者：Chen, Xinlu; Urban, John M.; Wurlitzer, Jens; Wei, Xiuting; Han, Jin; O'Connor, Sarah E.; Rudolf, Jeffrey D.; Koellner, Tobias G.; Chen, Feng
作者单位：University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; UT Institute of Agriculture; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Carnegie Institution for Science; Carnegie Institution for Science; Max Planck Society; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
摘要：Insects employ terpenoids for communication both within and between species. While terpene synthases derived from isoprenyl diphosphate synthase have been shown to catalyze terpenoid biosynthesis in some insects, canonical terpene synthases (TPS) commonly found in plants, fungi, and bacteria were previously unidentified in insects. This study reveals the presence of TPS genes in insects, likely originating via horizontal gene transfer from noninsect arthropods. By examining 361 insect genomes,...
