2024

最新文章

• Women's subsistence strategies predict fertility across cultures, but context matters AI翻译
  作者：Page, Abigail E.; Ringen, Erik J.; Koster, Jeremy; Mulder, Monique Borgerhoff; Kramen, Karen; Shenk, Mary K.; Stieglitz, Jonathan; Starkweather, Kathrine; Ziker, John P.; Boyette, Adam H.; Colleran, Heidi; Moya, Cristina; Du, Juan; Mattison, Siobhan M.; Greaves, Russell; Sum, Chun-Yi; Liu, Ruizhe; Lew-Levy, Sheina; Ntamboudila, Francy Kiabiya; Prall, Sean; Towner, Mary C.; Blumenfield, Tami; Migliano, Andrea B.; Major-Smith, Daniel; Dyble, Mark; Salali, Gul Deniz; Chaudhary, Nikhil; Derkx, Inez E.; Ross, Cody T.; Scelza, Brooke A.; Gurven, Michael D.; Winterhalder, Bruce P.; Corteza, Carmen; Pacheco-Cobos, Luis; Schacht, Ryan; Macfarlan, Shane J.; Leonetti, Donna; French, Jennifer C.; Alam, Nurul; Zohora, Fatema Tuz; Kaplan, Hillard S.; Hooper, Paul L.; Sear, Rebecca
  作者单位：Brunel University; University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; University of Zurich; University of Zurich; University of Zurich; Max Planck Society; University of California System; University of California Davis; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; Boise State University; Lanzhou University; University of New Mexico; University of New Mexico; Boston University; Durham University; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; Oklahoma State University System; Oklahoma State University - Stillwater; University of Zurich; University of Bristol; University of Cambridge; University of London; University College London; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Universidad Veracruzana; University of North Carolina; East Carolina University; University of Washington; University of Liverpool; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR)
  摘要：While it is commonly assumed that farmers have higher, and foragers lower, fertility compared to populations practicing other forms of subsistence, robust supportive evidence is lacking. We tested whether subsistence activities-incorporating market integration-are associated with fertility in 10,250 women from 27 small- scale societies and found considerable variation in fertility. This variation did not align with group- level subsistence typologies. Societies labeled as farmers did not have ...
• Real- time tracking of electron transfer at catalytically active interfaces in lithium- ion batteries AI翻译
  作者：Li, Hongsen; Hu, Zhengqiang; Zuo, Fengkai; Li, Yuhao; Liu, Minhui; Liu, Hengjun; Li, Yadong; Li, Qiang; Ding, Yu; Wang, Yaqun; Zhu, Yue; Yu, Guihua; Maier, Joachim; Cui, Yi
  作者单位：Qingdao University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Nanjing University; Shandong University of Science & Technology; Max Planck Society
  摘要：Transition metals and related compounds are known to exhibit high catalytic activities in various electrochemical reactions thanks to their intriguing electronic structures. What is lesser known is their unique role in storing and transferring electrons in battery electrodes which undergo additional solid - state conversion reactions and exhibit substantially large extra capacities. Here, a full dynamic picture depicting the generation and evolution of electrochemical interfaces in the presenc...
• Acceleration of infectious disease drug discovery and development using a humanized model of drug metabolism AI翻译
  作者：Macleod, Kenneth; Coquelin, Kevin-Sebastien; Huertas, Leticia; Simeons, Frederick R. C.; Riley, Jennifer; Casado, Patricia; Guijarro, Laura; Casanueva, Ruth; Frame, Laura; Pinto, Erika G.; Ferguson, Liam; Duncan, Christina; Mutter, Nicole; Shishikura, Yoko; Henderson, Colin J.; Cebrian, David; Wolf, C. Roland; Read, Kevin D.
  作者单位：University of Dundee; University of Dundee; GlaxoSmithKline; Glaxosmithkline United Kingdom
  摘要：A key step in drug discovery, common to many disease areas, is preclinical demonstration of efficacy in a mouse model of disease. However, this demonstration and its translation to the clinic can be impeded by mouse- specific pathways of drug metabolism. Here, we show that a mouse line extensively humanized for the cytochrome P450 gene superfamily (8HUM) can circumvent these problems. The pharmacokinetics, metabolite profiles, and magnitude of drug-drug interactions of a test set of approved m...
• Targeting MYC induces lipid droplet accumulation by upregulation of HILPDA in clear cell renal cell carcinoma AI翻译
  作者：Sainero-Alcolado, Lourdes; Garde-Lapido, Elisa; Snaebjornsson, Marteinn Thor; Schoch, Sarah; Stevens, Irene; Ruiz-Perez, Maria Victoria; Dyrager, Christine; Pelechano, Vicent; Axelson, Hakan; Schulze, Almut; Arsenian-Henriksson, Marie
  作者单位：Karolinska Institutet; Helmholtz Association; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Lund University; Karolinska Institutet; Uppsala University
  摘要：Metabolic reprogramming is critical during clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumorigenesis, manifested by accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs), organelles that have emerged as new hallmarks of cancer. Yet, regulation of their biogenesis is still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that MYC inhibition in ccRCC cells lacking the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) gene leads to increased triglyceride content potentiating LD formation in a glutamine- dependent manner. Importantly, the concurrent in...
• Visual guidance fine- tunes probing movements of an insect appendage AI翻译
  作者：Kannegieser, Soeren; Kraft, Nadine; Haan, Alexa; Stoeckl, Anna
  作者单位：University of Wurzburg; University of Konstanz; University of Konstanz
  摘要：Visually guided reaching, a regular feature of human life, comprises an intricate neural control task. It includes identifying the target's position in 3D space, passing the representation to the motor system that controls the respective appendages, and adjusting ongoing movements using visual and proprioceptive feedback. Given the complexity of the neural control task, invertebrates, with their numerically constrained central nervous systems, are often considered incapable of this level of vi...
• A spatiotemporal molecular atlas of the ovulating mouse ovary AI翻译
  作者：Mantri, Madhav; Zhang, Hanxue Hannah; Spanos, Emmanuel; Ren, Yi A.; De Vlaminck, Andiwijn
  作者单位：Cornell University; Cornell University
  摘要：Ovulation is essential for reproductive success, yet the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are far from clear. Here, we applied high- resolution spatiotemporal transcriptomics to map out cell type- and ovulation stage-specific molecular programs as function of time during follicle maturation and ovulation in mice. Our analysis revealed dynamic molecular transitions within granulosa cell types that occur in tight coordination with mesenchymal cell proliferation. We identified molecul...
• Expression of Atoh1, Gfi1, and Pou4f3 in the mature cochlea reprograms nonsensory cells into hair cells AI翻译
  作者：Mcgovern, Melissa M.; Hosamani, Ishwar, V; Niu, Yichi; Nguyen, Ken Y.; Zong, Chenghang; Groves, Andrew K.
  作者单位：Baylor College of Medicine; Baylor College of Medicine
  摘要：Mechanosensory hair cells of the mature mammalian organ of Corti do not regenerate; consequently, loss of hair cells leads to permanent hearing loss. Although nonmammalian vertebrates can regenerate hair cells from neighboring supporting cells, many humans with severe hearing loss lack both hair cells and supporting cells, with the organ of Corti being replaced by a flat epithelium of nonsensory cells. To determine whether the mature cochlea can produce hair cells in vivo, we reprogrammed nons...
• CRISPR-based screening of small RNA modulators of bile susceptibility in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron AI翻译
  作者：Prezza, Gianluca; Liao, Chunyu; Reichardt, Sarah; Beisel, Chase L.; Westermann, Alexander J.
  作者单位：Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research; University of Wurzburg; University of Wurzburg; University of Wurzburg
  摘要：Microbiota- centric interventions are limited by our incomplete understanding of the gene functions of many of its constituent species. This applies in particular to small RNAs (sRNAs), which are emerging as important regulators in microbiota species yet tend to be missed by traditional functional genomics approaches. Here, we establish CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) in the abundant microbiota member Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron for genome-wide sRNA screens. By assessing the abundance of differ...
• Grid-enhancing technologies can squeeze a lot more power from the existing electric grid AI翻译
  作者：Carey, John
• A dynamical limit to evolutionary adaptation AI翻译
  作者：Melissa, Matthew J.; Desai, Michael M.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University; National Science Foundation (NSF); Harvard University
  摘要：Natural selection makes evolutionary adaptation possible even if the overwhelming majority of new mutations are deleterious. However, in rapidly evolving populations where numerous linked mutations occur and segregate simultaneously, clonal interference and genetic hitchhiking can limit the efficiency of selection, allowing deleterious mutations to accumulate over time. This can in principle overwhelm the fitness increases provided by beneficial mutations, leading to an overall fitness decline...