Women's subsistence strategies predict fertility across cultures, but context matters

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Page, Abigail E.; Ringen, Erik J.; Koster, Jeremy; Mulder, Monique Borgerhoff; Kramen, Karen; Shenk, Mary K.; Stieglitz, Jonathan; Starkweather, Kathrine; Ziker, John P.; Boyette, Adam H.; Colleran, Heidi; Moya, Cristina; Du, Juan; Mattison, Siobhan M.; Greaves, Russell; Sum, Chun-Yi; Liu, Ruizhe; Lew-Levy, Sheina; Ntamboudila, Francy Kiabiya; Prall, Sean; Towner, Mary C.; Blumenfield, Tami; Migliano, Andrea B.; Major-Smith, Daniel; Dyble, Mark; Salali, Gul Deniz; Chaudhary, Nikhil; Derkx, Inez E.; Ross, Cody T.; Scelza, Brooke A.; Gurven, Michael D.; Winterhalder, Bruce P.; Corteza, Carmen; Pacheco-Cobos, Luis; Schacht, Ryan; Macfarlan, Shane J.; Leonetti, Donna; French, Jennifer C.; Alam, Nurul; Zohora, Fatema Tuz; Kaplan, Hillard S.; Hooper, Paul L.; Sear, Rebecca
• 署名单位: Brunel University; University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; University of Zurich; University of Zurich; University of Zurich; Max Planck Society; University of California System; University of California Davis; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; Boise State University; Lanzhou University; University of New Mexico; University of New Mexico; Boston University; Durham University; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; Oklahoma State University System; Oklahoma State University - Stillwater; University of Zurich; University of Bristol; University of Cambridge; University of London; University College London; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Universidad Veracruzana; University of North Carolina; East Carolina University; University of Washington; University of Liverpool; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR)
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-10500
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318181121
• 发表日期: 2024-02-27
• 关键词: agriculturalists; education; TRANSITION; HEALTH; IMPACT

摘要

While it is commonly assumed that farmers have higher, and foragers lower, fertility compared to populations practicing other forms of subsistence, robust supportive evidence is lacking. We tested whether subsistence activities-incorporating market integration-are associated with fertility in 10,250 women from 27 small- scale societies and found considerable variation in fertility. This variation did not align with group- level subsistence typologies. Societies labeled as farmers did not have higher fertility than others, while foragers did not have lower fertility. However, at the individual level, we found strong evidence that fertility was positively associated with farming and moderate evidence of a negative relationship between foraging and fertility. Markers of market integration were strongly negatively correlated with fertility. Despite strong cross- cultural evidence, these relationships were not consistent in all populations, highlighting the importance of the socioecological context, which likely influences the diverse mechanisms driving the relationship between fertility and subsistence.