29期

最新文章

• Visual adaptation stronger at the horizontal than the vertical meridian: Linking performance with V1 cortical surface area AI翻译
  作者：Lee, Hsing- Hao; Carrasco, Marisa
  作者单位：New York University; New York University
  摘要：Visual adaptation reduces bioenergetic expenditure by decreasing sensitivity to repetitive and similar stimuli. In human adults, visual performance varies systematically around the polar angle for many visual dimensions and tasks: Performance is superior along the horizontal than the vertical meridian (horizontal-vertical anisotropy, HVA) and the lower than upper vertical meridian (vertical meridian asymmetry, VMA). These asymmetries are resistant to spatial and temporal attention. However, it...
• Robust single- trial decoding of physical self- motion from hemodynamic signals in the brain measured by functional ultrasound imaging AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Bingyu; Luo, Qingyang; Liang, Zhifeng; He, Hua; Gu, Yong
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Naval Medical University
  摘要：Physical self-motion frequently happens in daily life, during which our vestibular system is critical in various important functions including balance and visual stability maintenance, postural and motor control, locomotion, spatial perception, and path integration-based navigation. Conventional noninvasive methods for studying vestibular functions include functional MRI (fMRI) that conveniently measures brain-wide signals; however, subjects are required to be physically restricted in the scan...
• Inference of human pigmentation from ancient DNA by genotype likelihoods AI翻译
  作者：Perretti, Silvia; Santos, Patricia; Vizzari, Maria Teresa; Tassani, Enrico; Benazzo, Andrea; Ghirotto, Silvia; Barbujani, Guido
  作者单位：University of Ferrara; University of Ferrara
  摘要：Light eyes, hair, and skins probably evolved several times as Homo sapiens dispersed from Africa. In areas with lower UV radiation, light pigmentation alleles increased in frequency because of their adaptive advantage and of other contingent factors such as migration and drift. However, the tempo and mode of their spread is not known. Phenotypic inference from ancient DNA is complicated, both because these traits are polygenic and because of low sequence depth. We evaluated the effects of the ...
• Impact forecasting for humanitarianism: Opportunities and challenges AI翻译
  作者：Baylis, Kathy; Lentz, Erin C.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
• Nature- based solutions for urban sustainability AI翻译
  作者：Cook, Elizabeth M.; Kim, Yeowon; Grimm, Nancy B.; McPhearson, Timon; Anderson, Pippin; Bulkeley, Harriet; Collier, Marcus J.; Diep, Loan; Morato, Jordi; Zhou, Weiqi
  作者单位：Columbia University; Korea University; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; The New School; Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies; Stockholm University; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics; University of Cape Town; Durham University; Utrecht University; Trinity College Dublin; Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences (RCEES), CAS
• T lymphocyte-specific deletion of SHPT and SHP2 promotes activation- induced cell death of CD4+T cells and impairs antitumor response AI翻译
  作者：Foster, Connor J. R.; Du, Jasper; Pundel, Oscar; Geer, Mitchell J.; Ripert, Ryan C.; Liu, Jia; Heim, Taylor A.; Araki, Kiyomi Y.; Lund, Amanda W.; Wang, Jun; Neel, Benjamin G.
  作者单位：NYU Langone Medical Center; New York University; New York University
  摘要：SHP1 (PTPN6) and SHP2 (PTPN11) are closely related protein- tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), which are autoinhibited until their SH2 domains bind paired tyrosine- phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine- based inhibitory/switch motifs (ITIMs/ITSMs). These PTPs bind overlapping sets of ITIM/ITSM- bearing proteins, suggesting that they might have some redundant functions. By studying T cell-specific single and double knockout mice, we found that SHP1 and SHP2 redundantly restrain na & iuml;ve T cell...
• Reactive mixing enables enzymatic depolymerization of recalcitrant or unsortable polyester wastes AI翻译
  作者：Garate, Hernan; Freymond, Clement; Breloy, Louise; Schindler, Michael; Pallis, Jack; Gibbs, Benjamin; Mansaku, Brian; Rondelez, Yannick; Creton, Costantino; Griffiths, Andrew D.; Leibler, Ludwik
  作者单位：Universite PSL; Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Sorbonne Universite; Universite PSL; Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite PSL; Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
  摘要：Enzyme-catalyzed depolymerization allows efficient recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles, which are easy to sort and made of slowly crystallizing PET. However, because crystalline phases are recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis, this technology fails for rapidly crystallizing polyester wastes such as poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), unsortable mixed polyesters, or heterogeneous formulated PET waste streams. We show that melt transesterification and vitrimerization of mixtu...
• Growing recognition of post- acute infection syndromes AI翻译
  作者：Komaroff, Anthony L.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School
• Accelerating countermeasure candidate discovery for A- series chemical warfare agent exposure AI翻译
  作者：Morato, Nicolas M.; Mason, Katelyn E.; Corzett, Todd H.; Valdez, Carlos A.; Alfaro, Teneile M.; Hok, Saphon; Cooks, R. Graham; Mayer, Brian P.
  作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Purdue University System; Purdue University
  摘要：The recent alleged use of A- series chemical warfare agents (CWAs) highlights the urgent need to better understand their inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes and the reported shortcomings of traditional oxime countermeasures. Here, using high- throughput (HT) mass spectrometry (MS) technologies, we characterized the largely unknown inhibition tion by oximes, achieving label- free quantitation at rates of up to 7,000 reactions per hour. Our findings indicate i) A- series agents exhibit inhibito...
• Emergence of isochorismate- based salicylic acid biosynthesis within Brassicales AI翻译
  作者：Hong, Kunqi; Nakano, Masahito; Tang, Ying; Jeanguenin, Linda; Kang, Wenshang; Wang, Yongliang; Zuo, Lu; Li, Pengyue; He, Jingjng; Jiang, Wanqing; Huang, Ruidong; Matsui, Hidenori; Wang, Yiming; Nakagami, Hirofumi; Li, Bo; Li, Xia; Xie, Kabin; Fukushima, Kenji; Guo, Liang; Han, Xiaowei; Katagiri, Fumiaki; Hattori, Motoyuki; Tsuda, Kenichi
  作者单位：Huazhong Agricultural University; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory; Huazhong Agricultural University; RIKEN; Okayama University; Nanjing Agricultural University; Max Planck Society; Research Organization of Information & Systems (ROIS); National Institute of Genetics (NIG) - Japan; Fudan University
  摘要：Salicylic acid (SA) is a major defense phytohormone. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the isochorismate (IC) pathway is the primary route for pathogen-induced SA biosynthesis. First, the IC synthase (ICS) catalyzes the isomerization of chorismate to IC in chloroplasts. Second, the chloroplast-localized MATE transporter EDS5 appears to transport IC from chloroplasts to the cytosol. Cytosolic IC is then further converted to SA via the GH3 amino acid-conjugating enzyme PBS3. While this pathway is genetic...