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作者：Takaki, Ryota; Thirumalai, D.
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作者：Cassioli, Chiara; Capitani, Nagaja; Staton, Claire C.; Schirra, Claudia; Finetti, Francesca; Onnis, Anna; Alawar, Nadia; Tu, Szu - Min; Lopresti, Ludovica; Tatangelo, Vanessa; Tangredi, Carmela; Valvo, Salvatore; Chang, Hsin - Fang; Miccoli, Annachiara; Compeer, Ewoud B.; Nicholls, Jemma; Blazar, Bruce R.; Marotta, Giuseppe; Wood, Matthew J. A.; Trentin, Livio; Patrussi, Laura; Dustin, Michael L.; Becherer, Ute; Baldari, Cosima T.
作者单位：University of Siena; University of Oxford; Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology; University of Oxford; Universitatsklinikum des Saarlandes; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Siena; University Hospital of Siena; University of Padua
摘要：Cytotoxic attack particles released by CTLs and NK cells include diverse phospholipid membrane and glycoprotein encapsulated entities that contribute to target cell killing. Supramolecular attack particles (SMAPs) are one type of particle characterized by a cytotoxic core enriched in granzymes and perforin surrounded by a proteinaceous shell including thrombospondin (TSP)-1. TSP-4 was also detected in bulk analysis of SMAPs released by CTLs; however, it has not been investigated whether TSP-4 ...
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作者：Wu, Lilin; Liu, Yongqin; Shi, Wenqing; Chang, Tianyi; Liu, Pengfei; Liu, Keshao; He, Yong; Li, Zhaorong; Shi, Mang; Jiao, Nianzhi; Lang, Andrew S.; Dong, Xiyang; Zheng, Qiang
作者单位：Xiamen University; Xiamen University; Xiamen University; Lanzhou University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Alibaba Group; Sun Yat Sen University; Memorial University Newfoundland; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China; Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources
摘要：Alpine lakes, characterized by isolation, low temperatures, oligotrophic conditions, and intense ultraviolet radiation, remain a poorly explored ecosystem for RNA viruses. Here, we present the first comprehensive metatranscriptomic study of RNA viruses in Lake Nam Co, a high- altitude alkaline saline lake on the Tibetan Plateau. Using a combination of sequence- and structure- based homology searches, we identified 742 RNA virus species, including 383 novel genus- level groups and 84 novel fami...
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作者：Yeon, Song Yi; Kim, Yunju; Kang, Chung Mu; Park, Sanguk; Chung, Taek Dong
作者单位：Seoul National University (SNU)
摘要：The growing demand for portable sensors for point- of- care (POC) and onsite health monitoring has led to significant interest in developing suitable power sources. In this study, we developed a microfluidic chip- integrated reverse electrodialysis (mu RED) system for ecofriendly power generation with monolithic operation. Leveraging its fully ionic characteristic, mu RED was successfully applied to an ionic diode, thereby demonstrating its capability for seamless integration. The feasibility ...
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作者：Hyvarinen, Lena; Fuchs, Christelle; Utz-Pugin, Anne; Gully, Kay; Megies, Christian; Holbein, Julia; Iwasaki, Mayumi; Demonsais, Lara; Capitao, Maria Beatriz; Barberon, Marie; Franke, Rochus B.; Nawrath, Christiane; Loubery, Sylvain; Lopez-Molina, Luis
作者单位：University of Geneva; University of Lausanne; University of Bonn; University of Geneva
摘要：The seed is a landmark plant adaptation where the embryo is sheltered by a protective seed coat to facilitate dispersion. In Arabidopsis, the seed coat, derived from ovular integuments, plays a critical role in maintaining dormancy, ensuring germination occurs during a favorable season. Dormancy is enhanced by cold temperatures during seed development by affecting seed coat permeability through changes in apoplastic barriers. However, their localization and composition are poorly understood. T...
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作者：Song, Jiajun; Xu, Zhuoyan; Zhong, Yiqiao
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 sometimes appear to be creative, solving novel tasks often with a few demonstrations in the prompt. These tasks require the models to generalize on distributions different from those from training data-which is known as out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization. Despite the tremendous success of LLMs, how they approach OOD generalization remains an open and underexplored question. We examine OOD generalization in settings where instances are generated ...
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作者：Asai, Rieko; Sinha, Shubham; Prakash, Vivek N.; Mikawa, Takashi
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Francisco; Kumamoto University; University of Miami; University of Miami; University of Miami
摘要：A bilateral body plan is predominant throughout the animal kingdom. Bilaterality of amniote embryos becomes recognizable as midline morphogenesis begins at gastrulation, bisecting an embryonic field into the left and right sides, and left-right (LR) asymmetry patterning follows. While a series of laterality genes expressed after the LR compartmentalization has been extensively studied, the laterality patterning prior to and at the initiation of midline morphogenesis has remained unclear. Here,...
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作者：Savinov, Andrew; Swanson, Sebastian; Keating, Amy E.; Li, Gene - Wei
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Novo Nordisk
摘要：Peptides can bind to specific sites on larger proteins and thereby function as inhibitors and regulatory elements. Peptide fragments of larger proteins are particularly attractive for achieving these functions due to their inherent potential to form native- like binding interactions. Recently developed experimental approaches allow for high- throughput measurement of protein fragment inhibitory activity in living cells. However, it has thus far not been possible to predict de novo which of the...
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作者：Schrom, Edward C.; Mccaffrey, Erin F.; Sreejithkumar, Vivek; Radtke, Andrea J.; Ichise, Hiroshi; Mejias, Armando Arroyo-; Speranza, Emily; Arakkal, Leanne; Thakur, Nishant; Grant, Spencer; Germain, Ronald N.
作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID); Cleveland Clinic Foundation; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA)
摘要：Spatial patterns of cells and other biological elements drive physiologic and pathologic processes within tissues. While many imaging and transcriptomic methods document tissue organization, discerning these patterns is challenging, especially when they involve multiple elements in complex arrangements. To address this challenge, we present Spatial Patterning Analysis of Cellular Ensembles (SPACE), an R package for analysis of high- plex spatial data. SPACE is compatible with any data collecti...
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作者：Gerace, Skylar D.; Yu, Jun; Moore, J. Keith; Martiny, Adam C.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：Climate warming is increasing ocean stratification, which in turn should decrease the nutrient flux to the upper ocean. This may slow marine primary productivity, causing cascading effects throughout food webs. However, observing changes in upper ocean nutrients is challenging because surface concentrations are often below detection limits. We show that the nutricline depth, where nutrient concentrations reach well- detected levels, is tied to productivity and upper ocean nutrient availability...
