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作者：Crabtree, Charles
作者单位：Dartmouth College
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作者：Yan, Gaoge; Amita, Hidetoshi; Nonomura, Satoshi; Inoue, Ken-ichi; Schultz, Wolfram; Takada, Masahiko
作者单位：Kyoto University; Shiga University of Medical Science; University of Cambridge
摘要：Dopamine (DA) signals to the striatum play critical roles in shaping and sustaining stimulus-reward associations. In primates, however, the dynamics of the DA signals remain unknown since conventional methods are not necessarily appropriate in terms of the spatiotemporal resolution or chemical specificity sufficient for detecting the DA signals. In our study, fiber photometry with a fluorescent DA sensor was employed to identify reward-related DA transients in the monkey striatum. This techniq...
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作者：Huang, Ziyu; Dong, Chuanfei; Wang, Liang
作者单位：Boston University
摘要：Nonlinear plasma physics problems are usually simulated through comprehensive modeling of phase space. The extreme computational cost of such simulations has motivated the development of multi-moment fluid models. However, a major challenge has been finding a suitable fluid closure for these fluid models. Recent developments in physics-informed machine learning have led to a renewed interest in constructing accurate fluid closure terms. In this study, we take an approach that integrates kineti...
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作者：Sabaris, Gonzalo; Schuettengruber, Bernd; Papadopoulos, Giorgio L.; Coronado-Zamora, Marta; Fitz-James, Maximilian H.; Gonzalez, Josefa; Cavalli, Giacomo
作者单位：Universite de Montpellier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Pompeu Fabra University; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC-UPF - Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (IBE)
摘要：Genetic assimilation is a process by which a trait originally driven by the environment becomes independent of the initial cue and is expressed constitutively in a population. More than seven decades have passed since Waddington's pioneering demonstration of the acquisition of morphological traits through genetic assimilation, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we address this gap by performing combined genomic analyses of Waddington's genetic assimilation experiments using th...
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作者：Nishiguchi, Daiki; Shiratani, Sora; Takeuchi, Kazumasa A.; Aranson, Igor S.
作者单位：University of Tokyo; University of Tokyo; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：Active turbulence, or chaotic self-organized collective motion, is often observed in concentrated suspensions of motile bacteria and other systems of self-propelled interacting agents. To date, there is no fundamental understanding of how geometrical confinement orchestrates active turbulence and alters its physical properties. Here, by combining large-scale experiments, computer modeling, and analytical theory, we have identified a generic sequence of transitions occurring in bacterial suspen...
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作者：Zhang, Fei; Xu, Ling-Dong; Wu, Shiying; Wu, Qirou; Wang, Ailian; Liu, Shengduo; Zhang, Qian; Yu, Xinyuan; Wang, Bin; Pan, Yinghao; Huang, Fei; Neculai, Dante; Xia, Bing; Feng, Xin-Hua; Shen, Li; Zhang, Qi; Liang, Tingbo; Huang, Yao-Wei; Xu, Pinglong
作者单位：Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang Gongshang University; South China Agricultural University; South China Agricultural University; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture; Zhejiang University; Westlake University; Zhejiang University
摘要：Chronic infections with hepatitis E virus (HEV), especially those of genotype 3 (G3), frequently lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients. However, the causation and mechanism of liver fibrosis triggered by chronic HEV infection remain poorly understood. Here, we found that the viral multiple-domain replicase (ORF1) undergoes unique ubiquitin-proteasomal processing leading to formation of the HEV-Derived SMAD Activator (HDSA), a viral polypeptide lacking putative helicase and RNA polym...
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作者：Han, Chunyan; Gui, Chenwu; Su, Bingbing; Liu, Naizhang; Yan, Haojie; Lan, Ke; Chang, Yuan
作者单位：Wuhan University; Wuhan University; Wuhan University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：Restriction factors are dominant proteins that target different essential steps of the viral life cycle; thus, these proteins provide an early line of defense against viruses. Here, we found that the internalization of DR5, an important receptor of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, initiates apoptosis to inhibit Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) lytic replication. An evolutionary analysis of the DR5 sequence demonstrated that three amino acids underwent positive selection in primates...
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作者：Chisholm, Paul J.; Gray, Andrew N.
作者单位：United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service
摘要：Large-diameter trees provide vital ecological functions in forested ecosystems. Old, large-diameter trees may also be vulnerable to climate-driven mortality events, but past work on large tree populations has been geographically limited. Here, we characterize the population of large-diameter trees from two size categories, 50 to 100 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) (medium) and >100 cm DBH (big), within the United States using Forest Inventory and Analysis data. Although populations of big t...
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作者：Vani, Nathan; Ibarra, Alejandro; Bico, Jose; Reyssat, Etienne; Roman, Benoit
作者单位：Sorbonne Universite; Universite PSL; Universite Paris Cite; Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI)
摘要：We investigate the mechanics of two asymmetric ribbons bound at one end and pulled apart at the other ends. We characterize the elastic junction near the bonding and conceptualize it as a bending boundary layer. While the size of this junction decreases with the pulling force, we observe the surprising existence of the binding angle as a macroscopic signature of the bending stiffnesses. Our results thus challenge the standard assumption of neglecting bending stiffness of thin shells at large t...
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作者：Cao, Mingming; Gan, Yu; Huang, Yingdan; Tong, Jing; Xiong, Chen; Chen, Yajie; Chen, Bing; Huang, Ruixuan; Xie, Bangxiang; Deng, Jun; Huang, Shenglin; He, Xianghuo; Hao, Qian; Zhou, Xiang
作者单位：Fudan University; Fudan University; Fudan University; Fudan University; Nanchang University; Capital Medical University; Fudan University; Fudan University
摘要：The tumor suppressor p53 can trigger tumor resistance to chemotherapy by facilitating DNA damage repair and maintaining genomic integrity. Here, we report that a p53- induced circular RNA circASCC3 promotes chemotherapeutic resistance by resolving R- loops. Our results reveal that p53 directly activates the transcription of is identified to inhibit the formation of circASCC3 by associating with its flanking regions. Importantly, p53 facilitates the formation of circASCC3 by repressing the expr...
