-
作者：Mukwaya, Vincent; Yu, Xiaolei; Yang, Shuo; Mann, Stephen; Dou, Hongjing
作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; University of Bristol; University of Bristol; University of Bristol
摘要：Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has been achieved in various cytomimetic (protocell) models, but controlling molecular condensation using noninert crowders to systematically alter protocell function remains challenging. Intracellular ATP levels influence protein-protein interactions, and dysregulation of ATP can alter cellular crowding dynamics, thereby disrupting the normal formation or dissolution of condensates. Here, we develop a membranized protocell model capable of endogenous LLPS...
-
作者：Quach, Diana; Sharp, Marc; Ahmed, Sara; Ames, Lauren; Bhagwat, Amala; Deshpande, Aditi; Parish, Tanya; Pogliano, Joe; Sugie, Joseph
-
作者：Schut, Lisa; Tomasev, Nenad; McGrath, Thomas; Hassabis, Demis; Paquet, Ulrich; Kim, Been
作者单位：University of Oxford; Alphabet Inc.; Google Incorporated; DeepMind; Alphabet Inc.; DeepMind
摘要：AI systems have attained superhuman performance across various domains. If the hidden knowledge encoded in these highly capable systems can be leveraged, human knowledge and performance can be advanced. Yet, this internal knowledge is difficult to extract. Due to the vast space of possible internal representations, searching for meaningful new conceptual knowledge can be like finding a needle in a haystack. Here, we introduce a method that extracts new chess concepts from AlphaZero, an AI syst...
-
作者：Grillner, Sten
作者单位：Karolinska Institutet
摘要：Recent findings show that stereotyped movement sequences (habits) need the cortex in the learning phase, but after learning, the cortex can be inactivated, and the movement still be performed flawlessly. The motor program is dependent on the sensorimotor part of the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) and on synaptic plasticity in the thalamostriatal synapses. New findings from several laboratories have revealed a highly precise spatially interactive organization within the basal ganglia [DLS, substan...
-
作者：Li, Zixuan; Moir, Camilla M.; McKee, Nathan J.; Lee-Wong, Eric; Baumbach, Ryan E.; Maple, M. Brian; Liu, Ying
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University
摘要：Symmetry properties of the order parameter are among the most fundamental characteristics of a superconductor. UTe2, which was found to feature an exceedingly large upper critical field and striking reentrant behavior at low temperatures, is widely believed to possess a spin-triplet pairing symmetry. However, unambiguous evidence for such a pairing symmetry is still lacking, especially at zero and low magnetic fields. The presence of an inversion crystalline symmetry in UTe2 requires that, if ...
-
作者：Ogawa, Takumi; Koyama, Shuji; Omori, Toshihiro; Kikuchi, Kenji; de Maleprade, Helene; Goldstein, Raymond E.; Ishikawa, Takuji
作者单位：Tohoku University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Sorbonne Universite; University of Cambridge; Tohoku University
摘要：Sponges, the basalmost members of the animal kingdom, exhibit a range of complex architectures in which microfluidic channels connect multitudes of spherical chambers lined with choanocytes, flagellated filter-feeding cells. Choanocyte chambers can possess scores or even hundreds of such cells, which drive complex flows entering through porous walls and exiting into the sponge channels. One of the mysteries of the choanocyte chamber is its spherical shape, as it seems inappropriate for inducin...
-
作者：Terrill, Robert Walter-; Ongchoco, Joan Danielle K.; Scholl, Brian J.
作者单位：Yale University; University of British Columbia; Yale University
摘要：When talking to other people, we naturally form impressions based not only on what they say but also on how they say it-e.g., how confident they sound. In modern life, however, the sounds of voices are often determined not only by intrinsic qualities (such as vocal anatomy) but also by extrinsic properties (such as videoconferencing microphone quality). Here, we show that such superficial auditory properties can have surprisingly deep consequences for higher- level social judgments. Listeners ...
-
作者：Zhang, Xin; Wu, Jingyi; Min, Zhenzhen; Wang, Jiamao; Hong, Xin; Pei, Xinkai; Rao, Zihe; Xu, Xiaoling
作者单位：Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou Normal University; Tsinghua University
摘要：F-type ATP synthase (F1FO) catalyzes proton motive force-driven ATP synthesis in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria. Different from the mitochondrial and bacterial enzymes, F1FO from photosynthetic organisms have evolved diverse structural and mechanistic details to adapt to the light-dependent reactions. Although complete structure of chloroplast F1FO has been reported, no high-resolution structure of an F1FO from photosynthetic bacteria has been available. Here, we report cryo-EM struc...
-
作者：Elia, Nathaniel; Quinonez, Marbella; Wu, Fenfen; Mokhonova, Ekaterina; DiFranco, Marino; Spencer, Melissa J.; Cannon, Stephen C.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; University of California Los Angeles Medical Center; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; University of California Los Angeles Medical Center
摘要：Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) is an ion channelopathy with variable penetrance for the triad of periodic paralysis, arrhythmia, and dysmorphia. Dominant-negative mutations of KCNJ2 encoding the Kir2.1 potassium channel subunit are found in 60% of ATS families. As with most channelopathies, episodic attacks in ATS are frequently triggered by environmental stresses: exercise for periodic paralysis or stress with adrenergic stimulation for arrhythmia. Fluctuations in K+, either low or high, are p...
-
作者：Cardenas, Michael A.; Le, Ryan P.; Champ, Tess M.; O'Neill, Derek; Fuglevand, Andrew J.; Gothard, Katalin M.
作者单位：University of Arizona; University of Arizona Health Sciences
摘要：Several influential theories have proposed that interoceptive signals, sent from the body to the brain, contribute to neural processes that coordinate complex behaviors. We altered the physiological state of the body using compounds that have minimal effect on the brain and evaluated their effect on decision making in rhesus monkeys. We used glycopyrrolate, a nonspecific muscarinic (parasympathetic) antagonist, and isoproterenol, a beta-1/2 (sympathetic) agonist, to create a sympathetic-domina...
