24期

最新文章

• Measuring historical pollution: Natural history collections as tools for public health and environmental justice research AI翻译
  作者：DuBay, Shane; Weeks, Brian C.; Davis-Kean, Pamela E.; Fuldner, Carl; Harris, Nyeema C.; Hughes, Sara; O'Brien, Bruce; Perkins, Marie; Weyant, Cheryl
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Arlington; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Chicago; Yale University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Stevens Point; University of Chicago
  摘要：Through the industrial era, pollutants have been unevenly distributed intheenvironment, disproportionatelyimpacting disenfranchised communities. Redressing the unequal distribution of environmental pollution is thus a question of environmental justice and public health that requires policy solutions. However, data on pollutants for many locations and time periods are limited because environmental monitoring is largely reactive-i.e., pollutants are monitored only after they are recognized as ha...
• Prospects for cereal self- sufficiency in sub- Saharan Africa AI翻译
  作者：van Ittersuma, Martin K.; Alimagham, Seyyedmajid; Silva, Joao Vasco; Adjei-Nsiah, Samuel; Baijukya, Frederick P.; Bala, Abdullahi; Chikowo, Regis; Grassini, Patricio; de Groot, Hugo L. E.; Nshizirungu, Aphrodis; Soule, Abdelkader Mahamane; Sulser, Timothy B.; Taulya, Godfrey; Tenorio, Fatima Amor; Tesfaye, Kindie; Yuan, Shen; van Loon, Marloes P.
  作者单位：Wageningen University & Research; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; University of Ghana; University of Zimbabwe; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln; Wageningen University & Research; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Makerere University; Huazhong Agricultural University
  摘要：Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has the world's largest projected increase in demand for food. Increased dependence on imports makes SSA vulnerable to geopolitical and economic risks, while further expansion of agricultural land is environmentally harmful. Cereals, in particular, maize, millet, rice, sorghum, and wheat, take nearly 50% of the cropland and 43% of the calories and proteins consumed in the region. Demand is projected to double until 2050. Here, we assess recent developments in cereal se...
• Protein kinase A signaling regulates immune evasion by shaving and concealing fungal β-1,3-glucan AI翻译
  作者：Pradhan, Arnab; Nev, Olga A.; Leaves, Ian; Nev, Oleg A.; Ma, Qinxi; Milne, Gillian; Patterson, Grace; Netea, Mihai G.; Erwig, Lars P.; Farrer, Rhys A.; Brown, Gordon D.; van den Berg, Hugo A.; Gow, Neil A. R.; Brown, Alistair J. P.
  作者单位：UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC); University of Exeter; University of Aberdeen; University of Exeter; Radboud University Nijmegen; Radboud University Nijmegen; University of Bonn; Cancer Research UK; University of Warwick
  摘要：Fungal pathogens infect billions and kill millions of people each year. Many of these pathogens have evolved strategies to evade our antifungal immune defenses. Candida albicans, for example, masks the proinflammatory pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) beta-1,3-glucan, in response to specific host signals such as lactate. In C. albicans, most beta-1,3-glucan lies in the inner cell wall shielded, by the outer mannan layer, from recognition by certain immune cells such as macrophages. ...
• Generative prediction of causal gene sets responsible for complex traits AI翻译
  作者：Kuznets-Speck, Benjamin; Ogonor, Buduka K.; Wytock, Thomas P.; Motter, Adilson E.
  作者单位：Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University
  摘要：The relationship between genotype and phenotype remains an outstanding question for organism-level traits because these traits are generally complex. The challenge arises from complex traits being determined by a combination of multiple genes (or loci), which leads to an explosion of possible genotype-phenotype mappings. The primary techniques to resolve these mappings are genome/transcriptome-wide association studies, which are limited by their lack of causal inference and statistical power. ...
• Structural insights into the activation and inhibition of the ADAM17-iRhom2 complex AI翻译
  作者：Maciag, Joseph J.; Slone, Conner E.; Alnajjar, Hala F.; Rich, Maria F.; Guion, Bryce; Ifergan, Igal; Blobel, Carl P.; Seegar, Tom C. M.
  作者单位：University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine
  摘要：The endopeptidase activity of ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase)-17, the primary processor of several EGFR ligands and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), is essential for proper embryonic development and immune regulation. Dysregulated ADAM17 activity is prevalent in a wide array of human diseases, including cancer, chronic inflammation, and SARS-CoV-2 viral progression. Initially translated as inactive zymogen, ADAM17 maturation and enzymatic function are tightly regulated by it...
• Structural basis of the catalytic and allosteric mechanism of bacterial acetyltransferase PatZ AI翻译
  作者：Park, Jun Bae; Lee, Gwanwoo; Han, Yu - Yeon; Kim, Dongwook; Heo, Kyoo; Kim, Jeesoo; Park, Juhee; Yun, Hyosuk; Lee, Chul Won; Cho, Hyun- Soo; Kim, Jong- Seo; Steinegger, Martin; Seok, Yeong- Jae; Roh, Soung- Hun
  作者单位：Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Institute for Basic Science - Korea (IBS); Chonnam National University; Yonsei University
  摘要：GCN5- related N- acetyltransferases (GNATs) are essential for regulating bacterial metabolism by acetylating specific target proteins. Despite their importance in bacterial physiology, the mechanisms behind their enzymatic and regulatory functions remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the structures of Escherichia coli protein alytic mechanism, and allosteric regulation. PatZ functions as a homotetramer, with each subunit comprising a catalytic and a regulatory domain. Our r...
• Measuring premature and cumulative family member bereavement: Racial disparities and later mortality risk AI翻译
  作者：Chang, Michelle; Robles, Theodore F.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
  摘要：Though racial disparities in shortened life expectancy have been well established, racial disparities in the burden of bereavement after such premature deaths are severely understudied. This is, in part, due to a lack of measurement tools for characterizing lifetime exposure to loss. We propose three indices that simultaneously quantify premature and cumulative lifetime loss-two typically unmeasured dimensions of loss. Using a longitudinal US sample of 27,985 participants from the Health and R...
• Bias-aware training and evaluation of link prediction algorithms in network biology AI翻译
  作者：Yilmaz, Serhan; Yorgancioglu, Kaan; Koyuturk, Mehmet
  作者单位：University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University
  摘要：For biomedical applications, new link prediction algorithms are continuously being developed. These algorithms are typically evaluated computationally, using test sets generated by sampling the edges uniformly at random. However, as we demonstrate, this evaluation approach introduces a bias toward rich nodes, i.e., those with higher degrees in the network. More concerningly, this bias persists even when different network snapshots are used for evaluation, as recommended in the machine learning...
• A specific negatively charged sequence confers intramolecular regulation on Munc13-1 function in synaptic exocytosis AI翻译
  作者：Zhao, Kexu; Zhang, Li; Lei, Mengshi; Jin, Ziqi; Du, Tianxin; Zhang, Hong; Sheng, Yin; Hu, Zhitao; Wang, Shen; Ma, Cong
  作者单位：Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Zhengzhou University; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; City University of Hong Kong; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Guangzhou Medical University
  摘要：Munc13 family proteins are crucial for the secretion of neurotransmitters and hormones necessary for cell communication. They share a conserved C-terminal region that includes C2 and the MUN domains, which facilitate membrane interactions and the assembly of soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complexes. Neuronal isoforms of Munc13 possess a variable N-terminal region that is essential for neurotransmitter release and short-term plasticity, although th...